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Journal/Discussion: (you will need your periodic table today! )

Journal/Discussion: (you will need your periodic table today! ). 1. What are the four quantum numbers and what do they represent? 2. What do s, p, d and f stand for when we are talking about electrons? 3. How many electrons do the following elements have: C, W, Sc?

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Journal/Discussion: (you will need your periodic table today! )

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  1. Journal/Discussion:(you will need your periodic table today!) 1. What are the four quantum numbers and what do they represent? 2. What do s, p, d and f stand for when we are talking about electrons? 3. How many electrons do the following elements have: C, W, Sc? 4. How is the maximum (or valence) energy level represented on the periodic table?

  2. Principle Q.N. [Energy levels] ( n ) Angular Momentum QN [shape, sublevels, s p d f] ( L ) Magnetic Q.N. [Orientation, orbitals] (mL) Spin Q.N. [spin of e-] (ms) 5 4 Quantum Numbers

  3. Electron Configurations The arrangement of electrons in atoms

  4. Aufbau (building up) Principle • An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it (aufbau principle) Do not try to draw this diagram

  5. Aufbau Principle

  6. following the Aufbau Principle Maximum number of electrons s = 2 (only 1 orbital /sublevel) p = 6 (3 orbitals / sublevel) d = 10 (5 orbitals / sublevel) f = 14 (7 orbitals / sublevel)

  7. Periodic Table – Filling Order – Aufbau Principle 18 1 2 13 14 15 16 17

  8. Methods of Showing Electron Configuration • Electron Configuration Notation • Orbital Notation • Kernel Notation (Noble Gas) Configuration • Electron Dot Notation

  9. Pauli Exclusion Principle • No two electrons in an atom have the same set of four quantum numbers. • Electrons must have opposite spins

  10. Hund’s Rule • Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singularly occupied orbitals must have the same spin

  11. Method to show Electron Configuration • Orbital Notation • He = • Phosphorus

  12. Write the orbital notation for: • Carbon (C) #6 • Oxygen (O) #8 • Scandium (Sc) #21

  13. How to write an Electron Configuration? • The first number is the energy level. (1,2,3,4,5…) • The lowercase letter is the sub-level. The sub-levels are named s, p, d and f. The number of available sub-level increases as the energy level increases. • The number in superscript is the number of electrons in a sub-level. • Each sub-level can hold only a certain number of electrons. The s sub-level can hold no more than 2 electrons, the p sub-level can hold 6, the d sub-level can hold 10 and the f sub-level can hold as many as 14.

  14. Method to show Electron Configuration • Electron Configuration Notation • He = 1s2 • P = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3

  15. Write the electron configuration notation for: • Carbon (C) #6 • Oxygen (O) #8 • Scandium (Sc) #21

  16. Kernel Notation • Uses the noble gas (group 18) before the element and then shows the electron configuration notation for everything past the noble gas • P = [Ne] 3s23p3

  17. Write the Kernel notation for: • Carbon (C) #6 • Oxygen (O) #8 • Scandium (Sc) #21

  18. Now do worksheet #1 • Stay tuned… • Later this week… • Lewis Dot Structures

  19. Lewis Dot Structure • Shows only the valence (outer) electrons • Electrons in the outermost (highest) M.E.L. • Only for main group (s and p block) elements • Dots represent the electrons • One on each side (starting at the top and moving clockwise) then double them up • Phosphorus

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