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Virtualization Infrastructure Administration

Virtualization Infrastructure Administration. Resources Jakub Yaghob. Resources. Main resources CPU Memory I/O resources Storage I/O Network I/O. Resource management. Resource pool Resource allocation Provides resources for VMs and child pools Hierarchical structure

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Virtualization Infrastructure Administration

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  1. Virtualization Infrastructure Administration Resources Jakub Yaghob

  2. Resources • Main resources • CPU • Memory • I/O resources • Storage I/O • Network I/O

  3. Resource management • Resource pool • Resource allocation • Provides resources for VMs and child pools • Hierarchical structure • Business requirements of organization • Expandable? • YES – VMs and subpools can draw from this pool’s parent • NO – VMs and subpools can draw only from this pool, even if its parent has free resources • Resource allocation for VM • Fine tuning of an application

  4. CPU management • vCPU mapping • Each vCPU from VM mapped to HEC (HW execution context) • HEC • Hypervisor scheduling entity • Core/HT thread • All vCPUs in the VM scheduled at the same time HEC HEC HEC HEC

  5. A 2 4 4 6 8 8 8 10 10 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 12 B 6 6 6 6 6 6 12 12 12 C CPU scheduling • Proportional-share scheduling • Simple virtual-time algorithm • Virtual time = usage / share • Schedule VM with smallest virtual time • Example: 3 VM A, B, C with 3:2:1 share ratio

  6. Limits, reservations, and shares • Limit • Upper bound of consumption, even if underutilized • Concrete absolute units • Reservation • Minimum guarantee, even when system overloaded • Concrete absolute units • Admission control: sum of reservations ≤ capacity • Shares • More shares – greater priority • Abstract relative units, only ratios matter

  7. Virtual memory management • Virtual memory • Mapped by application inside the guest OS • Physical memory • Host presents physical pages to VMs • Machine memory • Actual pages allocated by host application guest OS hypervisor

  8. Using memory efficiently • Transparent page sharing • Hypervisor detects identical pages in VM memory and maps them to the same physical memory • No changes to guest OS • Shared pages as COW

  9. Guest OS ballooning • VMware Tools balloon driver • Deallocate memory from VM when memory is scarce Ample memory.Balloon remainsuninflated. Guest is forced to page out to its own paging area. The VMkernel reclaims memory. Inflate balloon. (Driver demands memory from guest operating system.) Guest can page in. Host grants memory. Deflate balloon.(Driver relinquishes memory.)

  10. Resource pools example

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