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Kevin Li

The Effects of Class A Fire Suppressant Foams on the Kentucky Bluegrass( Poa Prantesis ) and Earthworms( Lumbricus terrestris ). Kevin Li. Need. Figure 1. http://www.forestry.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/289FF5EC-B018-47EB-8D1F-FD71EEE065DC/0/Summary1960Present.pdf. Figure 2.

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Kevin Li

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  1. The Effects of Class A Fire Suppressant Foams on the Kentucky Bluegrass(PoaPrantesis) and Earthworms(Lumbricusterrestris) Kevin Li

  2. Need Figure 1 http://www.forestry.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/289FF5EC-B018-47EB-8D1F-FD71EEE065DC/0/Summary1960Present.pdf Figure 2 http://www.forestry.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/289FF5EC-B018-47EB-8D1F-FD71EEE065DC/0/Summary1960Present.pdf

  3. Knowledge Base -Fire tetrahedron Figure 3 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svg/220px-Fire_tetrahedron.svg.png

  4. Knowledge Base -Oxygen atom Figure 4 http://www.silkywater.com/images/oxygen1.gif

  5. Knowledge Base -Three methods of heat transfer http://www.beodom.com/assets/images/blog/principles-thermal-insulation/heat-transmittance-means.jpg Figure 5

  6. Knowledge Base Figure 6 http://www.backpackgeartest.org/reviews/Cook%20Gear/Stoves/Makaira%20Stainless%20Pack%20Stove%20SPS/Test%20Report%20by%20Andrew%20Mytys/FueledUp.jpg

  7. Knowledge Base Figure 7 http://www.reliablefire.com/foamfolder/foamsystems.html

  8. Knowledge Base Figure 8 http://www.pestweb.com/pestimages/600/earthworm_8.jpg

  9. Literature Review -Freeborn P., 2007 Figure 9 http://www.firelab.org/Publications/Freeborn_Wooster_etal_2008_JournGeoRes_Vol113_D01301.pdf

  10. Literature Review Larson D. et al. Figure 10 http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardant/references/Larson_and_Newton_1996.pdf

  11. Literature Review Sroysaard N. et al., 2000 Figure 11 Figure 12 http://www.bouldercounty.org/openspace/resources/res_funding/res_fund_pdfs/Small%20Grant%20Research/2000/2000Syorsaard.pdf Figure 13

  12. Literature Review http://www.springerlink.com/content/r764236j08643637/fulltext.pdf Figure 14

  13. Purpose • The purpose of this experiment is to see the effect of fire suppressant foams on the growth of plants and Earthworms. Hypothesis • Null- The fire suppressant foams had no effect on the rate of growth of the plants and the number of earthworms. • Alternate- The fire suppressant foams reduced the growth rate of the plants and the number of earthworms.

  14. Plants Groups=2 Sample Size= 3lb (P. pratensis) Control Containers with grass and earthworm grown with just water Variable Containers with plants and earthworms grown with water and fire suppressant Procedure -Grow the grass in each container that are 6in x 6in -3 lbs of Pennington Smart Seed Kentucky Bluegrass in each container -One ounce of class A fire suppressant foams put onto one of the containers every other day Measurement Amount of grass grown Length of stem Amount of fire suppressant applied. Amount of Earthworms. Analysis ANOVA (p<.05) to see if there is a difference between the control and the variables. Scheffe post hoc test Methodology

  15. Protocols for Measurement • Container for the control and each variable • One ounce of class A fire suppressant foams put onto the containers every other day • Same amount of water for the plants

  16. Protocols for Measurement • One container of Poapratensisand Lumbricusterrestris grown with water • One container of Poapratensisand Lumbricusterrestris grown with water and Class A fire suppressant foam

  17. Budget Catalogue Item Quantity Unit Price Total Price 1. Home Depot Pennington Smart 1 $33.97 $33.97 Seed Kentucky Bluegrass 7 Lb. 2. Home Depot Miracle-Gro 1 $6.97 $6.97 Moisture Control Garden Soil, 1.5 Cu. Ft. 3. Chief Supply Buckeye Class B 1 $69.99 $69.99 Synthetic AFFF Firefighting Foam (6% Synthetic) 4. Wholesale Worms 500 Red Worms 1 $17.95 $17.95 Total Price$128.88

  18. Do-Ability • Kentucky Bluegrass can be grown easily in the lab • The fire suppressant foams are non-toxic • All supplies can be purchased conveniently and not for a high price • Earthworms are easily kept alive

  19. Bibliography • -DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. "Gene Altering Chemicals Found In Forest Fire Smoke." ScienceDaily 2 May 2009. 5 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2009/04/090430091057.htm>. • -Fire Information - National Fire News. 3 May 2009. National Interagency Fire Center. • 4 May 2009 http://www.nifc.gov/fire_info/nfn.htm • -Fire Tetrahedron. 2009. Academic Laboratories & Field Facilities. 10 May 2009 <http://intraweb.stockton.edu/eyos/page.cfm?siteID=89&pageID=37>. • -"FEMA: Wildfire." Wildfire. 28 May 2008. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 12 May 2009 <http://www.fema.gov/hazard/wildfire/index.shtm>. • - Forces of Nature-Forest Fires. 4 June 2004. Think Quest. 3 May 2009 <http://library.thinkquest.org/C003603/english/forestfires/index.shtml>. • - Freeborn, Patrick H. "Relationships between energy release, fuel mass loss, and trace gas and aerosol emissions during laboratory biomass fires." Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (2007). • -Harris, Tom.  "How Fire Works."  14 May 2002.  HowStuffWorks.com. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/fire.htm>  06 May 2009. • -Information about the Fire Triangle/Tetrahedron and Combustion. 13 Feb. 2009. Colchester Center. 9 May 2009 <http://www.colchesterfire.org/html/whatisfire.html>. • Johnson, W. W. and Saunders, H. O. 1977, Chemical forest fire retardants: acute toxicity to five freshwater fishes and a scud. Tech. Paper #91, U.S. Forest Service. • - Larson, Diane L. "EFFECTS OF FIRE RETARDANT CHEMICALS AND FIRE SUPPRESSANT FOAM ON NORTH DAKOTA PRAIRIE VEGETATION." National Biological Service. • -The Straight Dope. 22 Nov. 2002. What exactly is fire? 5 May 2009 <http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2425/what-exactly-is-fire>. • -Vogt, Gregory. Forests on fire: the fight to save our trees. New York: F. Watts, 1990. • -Wageningen University and Research Centre. "Experimental Fire Provides Knowledge About Damage After Forest Fires." ScienceDaily 11 March 2009. 5 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090226110816.htm>.

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