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CHAPTER 23 - 18 The Rise of Russia

CHAPTER 23 - 18 The Rise of Russia. Russia’s Expansionist Politics under the Tsars Ivan III (The Great) 1462-1505 Used nationalism & Orthodox Christianity to regain control by 1480, independent state Restored traditional rule (Absolutism) & role of overseeing church

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CHAPTER 23 - 18 The Rise of Russia

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  1. CHAPTER 23 - 18The Rise of Russia • Russia’s Expansionist Politics under the Tsars • Ivan III (The Great) 1462-1505 • Used nationalism & Orthodox Christianity to regain control by 1480, independent state • Restored traditional rule (Absolutism) & role of overseeing church • Russia as the “Third Rome”

  2. Ivan IV (The Terrible) 1533 – 1584 • attacked boyars (nobles) to centralize power • Expanded Russian territory into central Asia (Siberia) by using Cossacks - peasants recruited to settle new lands • Land grants to nobles, bureaucrats • Trade with Asia increased • dies without heir – times of trouble follow and boyars attempt to regain power. • Boyars chose Michael Romanov as tsar (Romanov Dynasty 1613-1917) • restored order, expelled invaders – extended borders into Ukraine and Ottoman region

  3. Intentional turn to West (Europe) • Ivan III sent embassies to Western states • Ivan IV British began trading - Italian artists • Peter the Great truly began the Westernization of Russia

  4. Russia’s First Westernization, 1690–1790 • Peter the Great 1689-1725 - Tsarist Autocracy • brutally suppressed any opposition to his rule • introduces Western ideas and culture into Russian society • increased the power of the state through recruitment of bureaucrats from outside the aristocracy • created a Western-type military force • creates secret police • Baltic port achieved • capital moved to St. Petersburg (Window to the West) • creates a navy • council of nobles ended • laws codified • Economy strengthened through pressures on the serfs • Westernized cultural change was seen in only the upper class • nobles forced to shave beards - Western dress - education improved in math

  5. Consolidation of power under Catherine the Great - (1762–1796), widow of Peter III • Pugachev peasant rebellion - excuse to expand central power • continued Westernization • Absolutism • returned some power over serfs back to nobles – a give and take • French Revolution causes reaction 1788 • Expansion into Crimea in the north – Siberia - Alaska claimed - explored into northern California

  6. Russia’s tsars over three centuries had created a strong central state ruling over the world’s greatest land empire. New elements from the West had entered and altered Russia’s economy and culture. • Serfdom would remain a problem throughout Russian history Trade was very limited – Small merchant class • 95% rural – agricultural life style • considered backwards / old school

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