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apa

APA guidelines for electronic media. 1) Direct readers as closely as possible to the information being cited -- whenever possible, reference specific documents rather than home or menu pages.2) Provide URL addresses that work. At a minimum, a reference of an Internet source should provide a document or title description, a "date" (either the date of publication, update, or date of retrieval), and an address (in Internet terms, a URL). Whenever possible, identify the authors of the document as9441

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    1. Journal Article Citations

    3. General Rules for APA reference pages Begin the reference list on a new page using References as the title, centered in the top, middle of the page, using both upper and lower case. If the references take up more than one page, do not re-type References on sequential pages, simply continue your list. p 299, 5.18 Use one space after all punctuation. The first line of the reference is flush left. Lines thereafter are indented as a group, a few spaces, to create a hanging indention. Double space between citations. Single space within the citations. Use italics for titles of books, newspapers, magazines, and journals. References cited in text must appear in the reference list; conversely, each entry in the reference list must be cited in text. Arrange entries in alphabetical order. Give (in parentheses) the year the work was published. For magazines and newspapers, give the year followed by the month and date, if any. If no date is available, write (n.d.) Give volume numbers for magazines, journals, and newsletters. Include the issue number for journals if and only if each issue begins on page 1. (Retrieved 04/12/06, from http://www.crk.umn.edu/library/links/apa5th.htm )

    4. Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers Follow the same general form as citations of books, with the same sections: author name(s), last names first; year of publication, in parentheses; full title of article: capitalize only the first word of the title, and don’t underline it or put quotation marks around it; publication information, including the title of the periodical or journal (spelled out—not abbreviated—and italicized) and the volume (also italicized) and page numbers. (Retrieved 04/12/06, from http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/apa_style.shtml) Constructing references, APA style, chapter 4.

    5. Using the APA manual Type of Work Referenced (p.232) Print (sections A-G) p.232-236 Audiovisual (section H) p. 236 Electronic media (section I) p. 236 Numbers behind subsections refer to section numbers and not page numbers. C. Technical and research reports monograph, 47

    6. Electronic Copy of Journal Article from a database Jacobson, J.W., Mulick, J.A., & Schwartz, A.A. (1995). A history of facilitated communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience. American Psychologist, 50, 750-765. Retrieved January 12, 2001, from PsycARTICLES database.

    7. Electronic Copy of exact duplicate of print version When the electronic copy looks like the paper original, create the citation as if it were a paper article and then follow it with a retrieval statement indicating you obtained the article electronically. In the citation below, the online version is identical with the print version.

    8. Copy of Journal Article with format modified from print version If you think the online version differs from the print version, include the URL and the date you accessed the article.

    9. Internet-only Journal Article Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/ pre0030001a.html (This example retrieved 04/12/06, from http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/sites/guides/apagd.html)

    10. Website When citing an entire web site (and not a specific document on that site), if the address for the site is cited in the text of your paper no Reference List entry is required. Below is an example of a website cited within the text of a paper.

    11. Website The following is an example of a citation of a document from a website.

    12. ERIC document Fuss-Reineck, M. (1993). Sibling communication in Star Trek: The Next Generation: Conflicts between brothers. Miami, FL: Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 364932) (The above examples retrieved 04/12/06, from http://www.liu.edu/cwis/CWP/library/workshop/citapa.htm)

    13. Multi-page Internet document Use (n.d.) when site does not give publication date or date of last update.

    14. Abstract from a secondary database Fournier, M., de Ridder, D., & Bensing, J. (1999). Optimism and adaptation to multiple sclerosis: What does optimism mean? Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 22, 303-326. Abstract retrieved October 23, 2000, from PsycINFO database (This example retrieved 04/12/06 from http://library.uww.edu/GUIDES/APACITE.htm#wwwprint)

    15. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. (2001). Glacial habitat restoration areas. Retrieved September 18, 2001, from http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/wildlife/hunt/hra.htm

    16. Personal Communications Personal communications may be things such as email messages, interviews, speeches, and telephone conversations. Because the information is not retrievable they should not appear in the reference list. They should look as follows: J. Burnitz (personal communication, September 20, 2000) indicated that … or In a recent interview (J. Burnitz, personal communication, September 20, 2000) I learned that ….

    17. Document available from university program or department site Chou, L., McClintock, R., Moretti, F., & Nix, D. H. (1993). Technology and education: New wine in new bottles: Choosing pasts and imagining educational futures. Retrieved August 24, 2000, from Columbia University,Institute for Learning Technologies Web site: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/publications/papers/newwine1.html (This example retrieved 04/12/06, from http://www.library.cornell.edu/newhelp/res_strategy/citing/apa.html)

    18. Multiple-page document created by a private organization National Parent Information Network. (n.d.) Character education: The role of parents, teachers, and the community. Retrieved October 18, 2001, from http://npin.org/library/2001/n00584/n00534.html (This example retrieved 04/12/06, from http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/apa_style.shtml)

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