Regents Review

1. Regents Review What you should know!!!

2. What to expect… 50 multiple choice questions Thematic Essay DBQ questions and Essay 3 hours

3. How to use your time • You will receive time cues during the test. • Allot yourself • 40 minutes for the multiple choice questions • 10 minutes to outline for your thematic essay • 50 minutes to write your thematic essay • 20 minutes to complete your documents • 10 minutes to outline for your DBQ essay • 50 minutes to write your DBQ essay

4. How to approach studying • Terms (vocabulary) and Topics • What it is or was • Its purpose • Its causes and effects • Its significance • Concepts • Its significance • Give evidence, or a historical example • Famous People • Know the place and time period in which the person lived • His or her background or position • The person’s accomplishments or impact

5. Words to know… analyze means to determine the nature and relationship of the component elements describe means to illustrate something in words or tell about it discuss means to make observations about something using facts, reasoning, and argument; to present in some detail explain means to make plain or understandable; to give reasons for or causes of; to show the logical development or relationships of evaluate means to examine and judge the significance, worth, or condition of; to determine the value of

6. L.A.W. • Using the L.A.W. approach • L: look at the task • Focus on the action word (i.e. discuss) and the topic statement (i.e. historical context) • A: analyze the documents • Identify which documents you can use to assist in answering your essay question • Make notes next to the documents listing outside information which can help you • W: write the essay • Opening paragraph: needs to identify the topic and show your point of view • Supporting paragraphs: provide evidence (both from the documents and outside information) in an organized way which helps support your opening paragraph • Conclusion: • Discuss: restate the topic sentence, and add a brief summary • Evaluate: compare/contrast the +/- effects, then make a judgment

7. Tips Always read the question first so you don’t waste time Make notes on all questions to reinforce what you already know about each topic Use your own words in your documents and your essay. When writing use specifics… always give examples

8. Possible Themes • Political Change • Political Systems • Change • Global Problems • Economic Systems • Turning Points • Belief Systems Conflict Human & Physical Geography Movement of Peoples and Goods Justice and Human Rights

9. Conflict Things to look for when you’re thinking about conflicts… • Causes of the conflict • Who are the opposing groups involved • What are these groups points of view • Results of the conflict • Extent to which they were resolved/not resolved

10. Possible Conflicts World War Two Cold War Chinese Communist Revolution Colonial Independence / Collapse of Imperialism Conflict in the Middle East Apartheid in South Africa Collapse of Communism Political Unrest in Latin America Post-Cold War “Hot Spots” European Enlightenment French Revolution Latin American Independence Global Nationalism Industrial Revolution Meiji Restoration Imperialism World War One Crusades Russian Revolution

11. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Conflicts between groups of people have threatened peace in many nations or Regions • Task: • Identify one conflict that has threatened peace in a nation or region and • Discuss one major cause of that conflict • Identify two opposing groups involved in the conflict and discuss one viewpoint of each group • Discuss the extend to which the conflict was or was not resolved

12. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Differences among groups have often led to conflict • Task: • Identify two ethnic, religious, political and/or cultural conflicts and for each • Discuss the historical circumstances that led to the conflict • Analyze the effect of this conflict on two groups or individuals

13. Possible Essay Questions(DBQ) Historical Context: The first half of the twentieth century was shaped by two conflicts Task: Using the information from the documents and your knowledge of global history and geography write an essay in which you compare and contrast the causes of World War I and World War II http://www.phschool.com/curriculum_support/brief_review/global_history/essay_questions/dbq7.cfm

14. Human and Physical Geography Things to look for when you’re thinking about conflicts… Impact geography has on people lives Include physical features and the way people interact with those features (do the people adapt to the environment, or does the environment adapts to them?) +/- effects of geography on the development of a nation or region

15. Human and Physical Geography • Positive Changes/Adaptations • Humans have made many changes to their geographical situations to better suit their needs and wants.  • Examples: damns, irrigation (reverse desertification) • Most of these changes/adaptations have had a positive impact on the lives of humans, but were not necessarily good for the environment. • Examples: pollution/o-zone, deforestation

16. 5 themes of geographyRemember: Mr. Help Movement Describes the movement of people, goods, and ideas.  This occurs through migration, trade, and cultural diffusion Region Describes an area that has its own unifying characteristics.  This is done politically -- the Middle East is a political region, physically -- the rainforests of Brazil, and culturally -- Muslim areas are influenced by the religion of Islam. Human/Environment Interaction Describes how people change their environment or adapt to it

17. Location • Describes where a place is -- its position on the Earth's surface.  • Two ways to describe location: Relative Location and Absolute Location. • Relative Location: The description of a place in relation to another. • Absolute Location: The exact location of a place using lines of longitude and latitude Place • Describes an area in terms of it's physical and human characteristics such as climate, landforms, waterways, language, religion, social activities, etc...

18. Possible scenarios where people interact with their geography River Valleys (Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, Yellow) Mineral Wealth in Africa (gold and salt) Monsoons in South Asia Oil in the Middle East Japan (lack of resources> China, Manchuria, and Korea) Rain Forests in Latin America

19. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Geographic factors such as land features, resources, location, and climate of nations and regions affect how people live. • Tasks: • Select one geographic factor that influenced life in a nation or region before A.D. 1500, and using specific examples, discuss the influence of that geographic factor on the people of that nation or region • Select a different geographic factor that influenced life in a nation or region after A.D. 1500, and using specific examples discuss the influence of that geographic factor on the people of that nation or region

20. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Geographic features can positively or negatively affect the development of a nation or region • Tasks: • Select one geographic feature from your study of global history • Explain how this geographic features has had an effect on the historical development of two nations or regions • Be sure to include specific historical examples in your essay

21. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Geographic factors have influenced historical developments and historical events of nations and regions • Task: • Choose two nations and/or regions and for each • Identify and describe two geographic factors in each nation and/or region • Explain how each factor has influenced the historical development or a specific historical event in each nation and/or region

22. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Throughout history, global problems have posed major challenges for nations and regions • Task: • Select two different global problems and for each • Describe one major cause of the global problem • Discuss one effect of the global problem on a specific nation or region

23. Possible Essay Questions(DBQ) • Historical Context: The development of early civilizations was greatly affected by geographic factors. • Task: • Using information from the documents and your knowledge of global history and geography write an essay in which you discuss how the lives of the peoples of the ancient world were shaped by the geography of their region http://www.phschool.com/curriculum_support/brief_review/global_history/essay_questions/dbq1.cfm

24. Possible Essay Questions(DBQ) • Historical Context: The geographic factors of location and availability of resources have affected the history of Great Britain and Japan • Task: • Compare and contrast the effects of geographic factors such as location and availability of resources on the political and economic development of Great Britain and Japan http://web000.greece.k12.ny.us/SocialStudiesResources/Social_Studies_Resources/GHG_DBQs/GHG_DBQ_01.03.pdf

25. Movement of People and Goods Things to look for when you’re thinking about the movement of people and goods… • What are the major trade routes (both historical and modern) • Who is in charge of the trade routes (both historical and modern) • What are the +/- effects of these trade routes

26. Possible Movement of People and Goods Silk Road Trans-Saharan Trade Routes (African Trading Kingdoms) Mediterranean Trade Routes Hanseatic League British East India Company Industrial Revolution (impact of the railroads) Columbian Exchange O.P.E.C. European Union NAFTA

27. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Trade routes and trade organizations have had an impact on nations and regions. The effects have been both positive and negative • Tasks: • Identify two trade routes and/or trade organizations and for each • Explain one reason for the establishment of the trade route or trade organization • Discuss one positive effect or one negative effect of the trade route or trade organization on a specific nation or region

28. Human Rights Violations Thinks to look for when you’re thinking about the human rights violations… • Identify a human rights violation • What were the causes of the conflict • Describe the violation • Did anyone intervene during the process of the violation (government, group, or individual?) ** Know that human rights violations did not occur until after World War II when United Nations published its Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This document states that all people are free and equal regardless of "race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status."  Since this time, efforts have been made to end human rights abuses around the world.

29. Possible Human Rights Violations Women: Islam, Asia Amritsar Massacre Khmer Rouge Stalinist Russia: The Great Purge Cambodia: Pol Pot Hitler: Holocaust Irish Republican Army (IRA) Apartheid: Nelson Mandela Child labor (Industrial Revolution/Asia/Africa)

30. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: The human rights of many groups have been violated at different times in various nations and regions. Efforts by governments, groups, and individuals to resolve these human rights violations have met with mixed results. • Tasks: • Select two groups who have experienced human rights violations in a specific nation or region and for each • Describe one historical circumstance that led to a human rights violation in the nation or region • Describe one example of a human rights violation in that nation or region • Discuss the extent to which a government, a group, or an individual made an attempt to resolve this human rights violation

31. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Throughout history, the human rights of certain groups of people have been violated. Efforts have been made to address these violations. • Tasks: • Define the term “Human Rights” • Identify two examples of human rights violations that have occurred in a specific time and place • Describe the causes of these human rights violations • For one of the violations identified, discuss one specific effort that was made or is being made to deal with the violation

32. Possible Essay Questions(DBQ) • Historical Context: Genocide, threats to the environment, and weapons of mass destruction are problems that the world has had to face. Various attempts have been made by the international community and its members to address and resolve these problems. • Task: • Select two problems mentioned in the historical context and for each • Describe the problem • Discuss attempts made to address and/or resolve the problem

33. Possible Essay Questions(DBQ) • Historical Context: Throughout history, social and political factors have influenced the roles of women in different societies. As a result, the roles of women have varied across time and in different places. • Task: • Compare and contrast the role of women in different societies throughout history • Discuss the impact of social or political factors on the status of women in those societies

34. Possible Essay Questions(DBQ) • Historical Context: Despite the horrors of the Holocaust, abuses of human rights have continued in the post-World War II era. • Task: • Describe examples of human rights abuses in the post-World War II era • Discuss efforts that the world community has made to eliminate these human rights abuses http://web000.greece.k12.ny.us/SocialStudiesResources/Social_Studies_Resources/GHG_DBQs/GHG_DBQ_06.02.pdf

35. Possible Essay Questions(DBQ) • Historical Context: Throughout history, children have frequently suffered from human rights abuses. Some people believe that significant progress has been made toward eliminating these abuses. • Task: • Identify and explain two specific human rights abuses that children have suffered • Discuss two attempts that have been made to eliminate human rights abuses against children • Evaluate the extent to which progress has been made in eliminating human rights abuses against children http://web000.greece.k12.ny.us/SocialStudiesResources/Social_Studies_Resources/GHG_DBQs/GHG_DBQ_08.00.pdf

36. Political Change Things to look for when you’re thinking about Political Change… • Old governments style • Explain the causes & effects of the change in government/revolution • Change the government wanted to bring • New policies used • Evaluate the extent to which the change was achieved (success or failure)

37. Possible examples of Political Change Empire of Mali under Mansa Musa Reformation under Henry VIII Westernization of Russia under Peter the Great Reign of Terror under Robespierre Meiji Restoration Modernization of Turkey under Ataturk Stalin’s 5 year plan Mussolini’s Fascism Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution in China Nelson Mandela’s opposition to the apartheid in South Africa Chavez’ oil policies in Venezuela

38. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Often, government implement policies in an attempt to change society • Task: • Choose one example from global history where a government attempted to change society and • Describe the change the government wanted to bring about • Explain why the government wanted to make this change • Describe one specific policy the government used to try to bring about this change • Discuss the extent to which this change was achieved

39. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Throughout history, political revolutions had many causes. These revolutions affected society and led to many changes. The changes may or may not have resolved the problems that caused the revolutions. • Task: • Chose one political revolution from your study of global history and geography and • Explain the causes of the revolution • Describe the effects this political revolution had on society • Evaluate whether the changes that resulted from the political revolution resolved the problems that caused it

40. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Twentieth-century political events have had positive and negative effects on global history • Task: • Identify two 20th century political events and for each • Discuss the historical circumstances surrounding the event • Evaluate the extent to which this event has had a positive or a negative effect on global history

41. Political Systems Things to look for when you’re thinking about Political Systems… • Identify different political systems • Identify their characteristics (things that help define them) • Determine their effect on the history, culture, or society of that particular nation • Be able to compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of different political systems

42. Possible examples of Political Systems Absolute Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Democracy Direct Democracy Theocracy Fascism Communism

43. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Political systems have affected the history and culture of nations and societies • Task: • Choose two different political systems and for each • Describe the characteristics of the political systems • Discuss how the political system has affected the history or culture of a specific nation or society

44. Possible Essay Questions(DBQ) • Historical Context: Throughout history, societies have held different viewpoints on governmental decision making and the role of citizens in this decision-making process. The decision-making process can range from absolute control to democracy. • Tasks: • Using information from the documents and your knowledge of global history and geography, write an essay that • Compare and contrasts the different viewpoints societies have held about the process of governmental decision making and about the role of citizens in the political decision-making process • Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a political system that is under the absolute control of a single individual or a few individuals, or a political system that is democracy

45. Change Things to look for when you’re thinking about Change… • The situation that a leader attempted to change • The actions that leader took to change the situation • +/- effect of the changes that person made

46. Possible examples of Change • Mao Zedong • Ho Chi Min • Fidel Castro • Nelson Mandela • Vladimir Lenin • John Locke • Adam Smith Martin Luther (95 thesis) Queen Elizabeth I Toussaint L’Ouverture Napoleon Bonaparte Simon Bolivar Otto von Bismarck Mohandas Gandhi

47. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Throughout history, the actions of leaders have changed the society in which they lived • Task: • Identify two leaders who changed the society in which they lied and for each • Describe one situation the leader attempted to change • Describe one action the leader took to change this situation • Discuss the impact of that action on the society in which the leader lived

48. Possible Essay Questions(Thematic) • Theme: Individuals have brought about great changes in history. These individuals have had positive and/or negative effects on nations or regions. • Task: • Choose two individuals from your study of global history and geography and for each individual chosen • Discuss two specific changes made by the individual in a specific nation or region • Evaluate whether these changes have had a positive or negative effect on that nation or region

49. Possible Essay Questions (Thematic) • Theme: The ideas and beliefs of philosophers and leaders have led to changes in nations and regions • Task: • Choose two philosophers and/or leaders and for each • Explain a major idea or belief of that philosopher or leader • Discuss how that idea or belief changed one nation or region

50. Global Problems Things to look for when you’re thinking about Global Problems… • Identify global problems • Major causes • Effects on a nation/region