Heart/Lung Machine

Heart/Lung Machine 007 - The Bond Series "You Only Live Twice" July 2010

HHS H-L-Machine Lesson Flow L1 – INSPIRES 1 – What do students already know (Pre Test) INSPIRES 2 – What is a heart Lung Machine? (Tyeshia’s Heart) Students sign onto INSPIRES, Pre-test to determine a base knowledge L2 – INSPIRES 6 - …Heart and Circulatory System (Comp Sim) INSPIRES 9 - … Lungs and Respiratory System (Comp Sim) Create a strong understanding of Circulatory and Respiratory systems to fall back on during unit. L3 – INSPIRES 3 - What is the Engineering Design Process INSPIRES 4 - How are We Going to Move Blood (Let It Flow challenge) L4 – INSPIRES 5 – Connecting To The Heart-Lung Challenge INSPIRES 7 – Measuring Blood Flow Rates (Lab & Calculations) L5 – INSPIRES 8 – Estimating System Volume INSPIRES 10 – Experiencing Heat Transfer P1 (five bottle ices bath test) L6 - INSPIRES 10 – Experiencing Heat Transfer P2 (Two bottle ices bath test) INSPIRES 12 – Computer Simulation to Help Design Heart Lung Machine

HHS H-L-Machine Lesson Flow L1 – INSPIRES 1 – What do students already know (Pre Test) INSPIRES 2 – What is a heart Lung Machine? (Tyeshia’s Heart) Students sign onto INSPIRES, Pre-test to determine a base knowledge L2 – INSPIRES 6 - …Heart and Circulatory System (Comp Sim) INSPIRES 9 - … Lungs and Respiratory System (Comp Sim) Create a strong understanding of Circulatory and Respiratory systems to fall back on during unit. L3 – INSPIRES 3 - What is the Engineering Design Process INSPIRES 4 - How are We Going to Move Blood (Let It Flow challenge) Discuss engineering challenge & criteria. Create Target chart and flow chart L4 – INSPIRES 5 – Connecting To The Heart-Lung Challenge INSPIRES 7 – Measuring Blood Flow Rates (Lab & Calculations) Design questions – How does flow rate effect performance – What variables/ controls might be effective L5 – INSPIRES 8 – Estimating System Volume INSPIRES 10 – Experiencing Heat Transfer P1 (five bottle ices bath test) Heavy math lesson dealing with system volume – Include one heat transfer experiment – How can this help in design L6 - INSPIRES 10 – Experiencing Heat Transfer P2 (Two bottle ices bath test) INSPIRES 12 – Computer Simulation to Help Design Heart Lung Machine

H-L-1 Objective: Establish a baseline measure of understanding associated with concepts, processes, and attitudes related to concepts of module as we complete pre-test Drill: Identify three functions of the human circulatory system

Instructional Tools Engineers Journal - -Left Hand Entries - Information that is important for supporting understanding of challenge including: -Key scientific Facts -Engineering Design Process -Research Data (activities) - Math Formulas - Right Hand Entires - Design decisions K-W-L Chart (Know -Want to know - Learned) Chart is set up as follows Know Want To know Learn

Team Members Michael Dodd-o AKA Roger Moore Brea Pearl AKA Dr. Christmas Kathy Setzer AKA Jinx Zach Wiseman AKA Sean Connery

HL2 - Objective: Introduce 'Heart - Lung Design Challenge' through a series of activities designed to provide connections to every day life Drill: A 'Heart - Lung machine' is used during open heart surgery. Identify three functions a Heart lung machine must perform

Challenge and Needs Challenge We must create a machine that mimics a heart-lung system Needs: This machine is necessary to perform the functions of the hearts and lungs for surgeries. When a surgeon repairs a heart it is necessary to stop the heart to make the repair but the body must still receive oxygen to the survive.

Set up within 5 minutes Process blood in 15 minutes with a continuous flow Must cool the blood to a temperature between 5 C and 8 C Minimimal leakage Flow rate must be within 3 - 5 liters/min Reservoir must hold at least 750ml Machine must cost less than $50 Size is less than 4ft x 2ft Maximum volume cannot exceed 1.5L Criteria Constraints

Background Information Features of the Heart /Lung Machine • must remove blood from the patient and return the blood to the body for cellular use • you are essentially stopping the patients' heart and using the machine to keep them alive • the machine cools the blood and adds oxygen • the Rollerhead acts like the heart and pumps the blood into a resevoire. • the heart lung machine controls body temperature by adding water into the oxigentator to manipulate.

Physiology of the Heart and Circulatory System • Comprised of the heart and blood vessels • Functions: • moves nutrients and oxygen to places in the body where they are needed • removes these substances from places where they are not needed • these substances are delivered by the blood which is flowing through the blood vessels (act as highways to transport throughout the body) • heart is the pump that pushes the blood • 2 parts of the system work together • pulmonary circulation (carries blood between heart and lungs) • systemic circulation (carries blood between heart and rest of the body)

Physiology of Circulatory System Cont. • Arteries carry blood away from the heart • veins carry blood toward the heart • cappullaries - smalles blood vessels - all exchange nurtients via these

Create a K-W-L chart which will be used and modified during entire Unit Know Want To Know Learn H-L machine takes Maximum amount of blood To prevent leak go small over function of heart can be removed from the to large tube and lungs during body open heart surgery Student add responses to chart.

The following slides are objective and drill questions to start each lesson

HL3 - Objective: Assess the various steps of the 'Design Cycle' using information from worksheet to recognize importance of utilizing a rational systematic approach to problem solving. Drill: Explain three 'performance criteria' or 'design constraints' associated with the Heart - Lung Challenge

Lesson 3: What is the engineering design processHand out: Design Cycle Worksheet: Heart-Lung-System Solving Problems with the Engineering Design ProcessAnswer following questions during discussion-Why is it important to use a systematic approach to design-Describe each sep in the process (in your words, interpretation)- Why do you think the design process was set up as a loop?-Look at step one of the loop, based on our design challenge, what is the answer to the 4 guiding questions.-Turn to the 'Communicate Outcomes' and answer the questions

HL4 - Objective: Analyze factors impacting 'fluid flow' through the design, construction and testing of an apparatus to transfer water between two locations. Drill: Identify three variables that affected the volumetric flow rate of your fluid transport system

Lesson 4: LET IT FLOW - Move Around BloodHand out: The INSPIRES Curriculum: Heart-Lung SystemLet It Flow!!! Engineering ChallengeSet up a 'Design Brief' (as below) and Answer the categories -Goal (of model) .-Design Criteria (design specs) .-Design Constraints (Limitations, restrictions) . - Materials .-Evaluation .

HL5 - Objective: Evaluate new background information to make connections between 'Let It Flow ' challenge to Heart Lung Machine Drill: What information from Let IT Flow challenge can be applied to Heart Lung MAchine

Lesson 5: Heart-Lung Challenge presentationHand out: Communicate Solution - Report RubricBefore passing out Report Rubric discuss -How did the 'Let it Flow' challenge relate to our design target?-Identify/Define how you used the engineering design loop to create the 'Let It Flow' machine-What is an artifact?Each team will need to bring in artifact related to the project and be ready to identify the following - What is the object, how does it relate to unit of study, Think about (or turn to) Design Loop... What is step 2 of process.Why does the blood need to be pumped and oxygenated?What would happen if the blood were not pumped and/or oxygenated.

HL6 - Objective: Gain a deeper understanding of importance of Heart Lung Machine as we use information from the 'Introductory Hear Lung Activities...' to gain insights regarding components and processes of cardiovascular system Drill: What two functions do the lungs perform as related to circulatory system?

Lesson 6: Physiology of heart & circulatory systemHand out: Drawing of Circulatory System (Pulmonary & Systematic)During this lesson we will:- Present Artifact - Explain how artifact relates to Let It Flow challenge?-Where are we in the Design process today?-Update our KWL chart - What do you know about the circulatory system? - What do you want to know about the circulatory system? - What have we learnedabout circulatory...anything in KWLDefine/describe pulmonary circulation, Systematic circulationDefine/ Describe arteries, veins, and capillariesWhat is the function of the heart in the circulatory systemContinue class questions on next slide

Lesson 6: Physiology of heart & circulatory systemHand out: Drawing of Circulatory System (Pulmonary & Systematic) Continuation of During this lesson we will:- Sketch a drawing of the circulatory system including the heart and lungs*Activity - Heart as Pump-Explain the advantage and disadvantages of the turkey baster, hand pump and centrifugal pump.- HOW ARE THE PUMPS RELATED TO THE PROJECT- WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO KNOW HOW A PUMP WORKS?- WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF A ONE WAY VALVE IN A PUMP?

HL7 - Objective: Apply data gathered in pump experiments as the formula numbers for calculating volumetric flow rate and velocity. Drill: How do the definitions for the terms SPEED and VELOCITY differ.

Lesson 7: MEASURING FLOW RATESHow does todays artifact relate to the lesson on pumps?How does the pump relate to the design challenge?* --> Which pump will move more water in 10 seconds?Formulas Q= volumetric flow rate= volume/time 30ml/15sec = 2ml/secCHART GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 . VOLUME TIME Q VOLUME TIME Q VOLUME TIME Q RUN 1 . RUN 2 RUN 3Did your prediction math the data?How would you increase or decrease the volumetric flow rate for each pump?

HL8 - Objective: Analyze the variables for measurement and calculation of a system as students recognize / utilize several geometric formulas (including rectangular prism and cylinder) . Drill: Identify the formulas for calculating the following formulas: CUBE CYLINDER TRIANGULAR PRISM

Lesson 8: Estimating System VolumeHand out: Determine the Total Volume (in liters)... Essential Questions: How would we calculate the volume of various objects (students are given a plastic cube, cylinder, etc)- Student presents artifact of the day- How much blood is in the human body ? +/- 5L- How much blood can patient lose before risk of death? . 30% of 5L = 1.5 L- Why is this information important to our design challenge? (one constraint is system max volume of 1.5L)- Where are we in design loop?ChartPREDICT OBSERVE EXPLAIN

HL9 - Objective: Apply insights regarding cellular metabolism to the importance of cooling the blood in a Heart - Lung system during surgery Drill: Explain how Velocity and Flow Rate, covered in lesson 7, correlate to the human body. How about the H-L-Machine

Lesson 9: CELLULAR METABOLISMCONNECTION BETWEEN ARTIFACT AND LESSON 8 AND THE DESIGN CHALLENGE Why does the Heart - Lung Machine need to cool the blood? Why do we need to have blood cooled during surgery?

HL10 - Objective: Analyze results of two activities involving cooling of water bottle in order to begin to understand relation of heat transfer and to visualize heat transfer. Drill: Identify the volume of: CUBE = Height of 5cm, length of 5 cm, 5 cm how many ml of water will this hold

Lesson 10: Experiencing Heat TransferCONNECTION BETWEEN ARTIFACT AND LESSON 9 AND THE DESIGN CHALLENGEThe volume of a 5 x 5 x 5 cm cube is 125cm31) Explain how the term 'METABOLISM' relates to the human body. 2) Why is it important for the blood temperature to be lowered, by 5 - 8 degrees celsius, during open heart surgery.

Lesson 10: Experiencing Heat Transfer1) Explain how the term 'METABOLISM' relates to the human body.Chemical reaction that occurs with-in cells to support life.2) Why is it important for the blood temperature to be lowered, by 5 - 8 degrees celsius, during open heart surgery.Reducing blood temperature 5-8 degrees celsius reduces metabolism and body reactions without causing damage from cold (severe hypothermia)

Lesson 10: Heat TransferONLINE LESSON- Students will be working in pairs.- Each group will need to Login- A major goal of this on-line lesson is to make connections between what they learn on computers, hands on activities, and the Hear-Lung machineHome > My Page >2010 Summer PD Institute >A Heart-Lung System Case Study > Content Lesson

Lesson 10: Heat TransferONLINE LESSONReview information pertaining to design loop as you read through first three slides of tutorial. Be sure to pause when you get to Stop Sign.Why is COMMUNICATION in the center of the loop?What step do you feel we are currently in of the design loop?What side of notebook should questions be on...why?

Lesson 10: Heat TransferONLINE LESSONSTOP1 - DISCUSS THE RESULTS OF THESE QUESTIONSWhy is COMMUNICATION in the center of the loop?What step do you feel we are currently in of the design loop?DURING THE NEXT SECTION OF SLIDES ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS-What are three functions of the H-L machine discussed?- What circulatory function is not discussed?-In your own words, explain how the lungs exchange CO2 for O2 **Be sure to Pause at STOP 2

Lesson 10: Heat TransferONLINE LESSONSTOP - DISCUSS THE RESULTS OF THESE QUESTIONS-What are three functions of the H-L machine discussed?- What circulatory function is not discussed?-In your own words, explain how the lungs exchange CO2 for O2DURING THE NEXT SECTION OF SLIDES ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS-In your own words explain VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE- Besides controlling speed of pump, how else can we control Volumetric Flow Rate **Be sure to Pause at STOP 3

Lesson 10: Heat TransferONLINE LESSONSTOP - DISCUSS THE RESULTS OF THESE QUESTIONS-In your own words explain VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE- Besides controlling speed of pump, how else can we control Volumetric Flow RateDURING THE NEXT SECTION OF SLIDES ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS- Explain Thermal Conductivity- Explain how materials effect Thermal Conductivity**Be sure to Pause at STOP 4

Lesson 10: Heat TransferONLINE LESSONSTOP - DISCUSS THE RESULTS OF THESE QUESTIONS- Explain Thermal Conductivity- Explain how materials effect Thermal ConductivityBefore continuing with the Online Activity we will observe a demonstration on how materials effect thermal conductivity.page 42We'll start the experiment then gather in our groups to begin a Predict - Observe - Explain**Be sure to Pause at STOP 4

Lesson 10: Heat TransferONLINE LESSON How materials effect thermal conductivity.page 42 Predict - Observe - Explain**What was observed? Were student predictions supported or not supported? What have you learned about the different materials? What do the results suggest about how easily heat transfer occurs through the different materials (including air)? If you want to increase the rate of heat transfer, do you have any ideas how you can do it?

Lesson 10: Heat TransferONLINE LESSONSTOP - DISCUSS THE RESULTS OF THESE QUESTIONS- Explain Thermal Conduction- Explain how materials effect Thermal ConductivityDURING THE NEXT SECTION OF SLIDES ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS- Explain Thermal Convection- Explain how materials effect Thermal Convection?**Be sure to Pause at STOP 5

HL11 - Objective: Participate in computer tutorial in order to increase ability to visualize how temperature differences serve as the mechanism driving the heat transfer process in the human body. Drill: What variables were involved in the ability of the water in the 'cooling baths' change temperature?

INSPIRES Program - HL11 - Objective: Participate in computer tutorial in order to increase ability to visualize how temperature differences serve as the mechanism driving the heat transfer process in the human body. Drill:

Lesson 11: Online Heart-Lung systemCONNECTION BETWEEN ARTIFACT AND LESSON 10 AND THE DESIGN CHALLENGE1) Explain how the term 'METABOLISM' relates to the human body.2) Why is it important for the blood temperature to be lowered, by 5 - 8 degrees celsius, during open heart surgery. Why does the Heart - Lung Machine need to cool the blood? Why do we need to have blood cooled during surgery?

HL12 - Objective: Participate in computer tutorial in order to increase ability to visualize how temperature differences serve as the mechanism driving the heat transfer process in the human body. Drill: What variables were involved in the ability of the water in the 'cooling baths' change temperature?

HL14 - Objective: Create/Update a journal describing original idea & modifications (with justification) as we work on H-L machine in order to have documentation of our modeling process Drill: Create a ‘flow chart’ placing the project targets in the order your model will be set up. The Engineering Design loop is a type of flow chart

Drill: Create a ‘flow chart’ placing the project targets in the order your model will be set up. Identify what object of your physical model will address each of the flow chart steps. Before you start modeling, Look at your plans for yesterday – Calculate the total volume. Explain how your ‘cooling mechanism’ will work. Identify possible modeling issues you foresee

HL13 - Objective: Drill:

Heart/Lung Machine