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Tundra Ecosystem

This is for grade 9 learners and its about tundra biome in detail.

Naisha
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Tundra Ecosystem

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  1. Tundra Ecosystem By Naisha Gandhi 9 yi 5

  2. Introduction 1. Tundra is a zone of treeless or rolling ground found in cold regions of the world , mostly north of the Arctic Circle(Arctic tundra) or above the timberline on high mountains (alpine tundra). The region of arctic tundra is under permafrost i.e ground remains completely frozen—32°F (0°C) or colder—for at least two years straight. The Finns called their treeless northern reaches the tunturi . but the concept of a vast frozen plain as an ecological realm called tundra was developed by the Russians. This biome stretches across northern Canada and Alaska, Siberia and northern Scandinavia, on or close to the Arctic Circle. There are also areas of tundra in coastal Antarctica. 2. 3. 4. 5.

  3. Pictures of tundra ecosystem

  4. Tundra food web and food chains

  5. Climate 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The summers are short and cool and winters are long and bitter. Winter temperatures don't reach above -6° C and average -6° to -1°C. The tundra is an unusually cold and dry climate. Annual precipitation is less than 15 inches. Precipitation totals cm of rain a year, which includes melted snow. The tundra seems like a wet and soggy place because the precipitation that falls evaporates slowly, and because of the poor drainage caused by the permafrost.

  6. Flora 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mosses Lichens Herbs Small shrubs Berries Alpine tundra Hosts - Fungi and bacteria Few species of flowering plants may be present which do not bloom for more than few days

  7. Flora pictures Lichens Mosses

  8. Flora pictures continued… Berries Alpine tundra Herbs

  9. Flora pictures continued... Small shrubs Flowering plants

  10. Fauna 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Polar bear Arctic fox Arctic wolf Arctic hare Arctic weasel Lemmings Reindeer Musk ox Seals Snowy owl A number of species of waterfowl 10. 11.

  11. Fauna pictures

  12. Threats to tundra 1. The melting of the permafrost as a result of global warming could radically change the landscape and the species that survive there.The exposed dark land surface absorbs more heat radiation than the white surface of the snow causing a rise in temperature known as Albedo effect. The fragile ecosystem is disturbed by the rising temperature due to greenhouse gases. Ozone depletion at the North and South Poles allows stronger ultraviolet rays to enter which harms the tundra. Air pollution can cause smog clouds that harm lichen , a significant food source for many animals. Exploration of oil,gas ,minerals and construction of pipelines and roads cause physical disturbances and habitat fragmentation of the tundra ecosystem. Oil spills can kill wildlife and significantly damage tundra. Buildings and roads put heat and pressure on the permafrost, causing it to melt. Overhunting has led to the addition of many animals of this region like moose , wolves and arctic fox to the endangered list. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

  13. Youtube video link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCqAp0uOOoM

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