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Eco-friendly Planning for Zoos

Eco-friendly Planning for Zoos. Bernard Harrison Principle Partner - Creativity & Design Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd. What this Talk is all about …. The raison d'être of zoos is to change attitudes & set examples for the visiting public on conservation

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Eco-friendly Planning for Zoos

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  1. Eco-friendly Planning for Zoos Bernard Harrison Principle Partner - Creativity & Design Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  2. What this Talk is all about … • The raison d'être of zoos is to change attitudes & set examples for the visiting public on conservation • Besides wildlife conservation this should include environmental conservation Global warming BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  3. What this Talk is all about … • The best ways to demonstrate this is to plan, design & build everything in a zoo to be eco-friendly & sustainable • And offer our guests examples of how to live sustainably Recycled tin can lamp BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  4. The Outline • Elaborating on SEAZA’s 8-Point Action Plan for Success • To achieve eco-friendly status: • Ensure the planners understand & buy-into the eco-friendly concept • Follow principles of eco-architecture & use recyclable materials from sustainable sources Coke can car BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  5. The Outline • Practice water harvesting, storage & recycling • Use & showcase alternative sources of energy • Understand the Clean Development Mechanism Baby-scorpion BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  6. The Buzz Word Global Warming BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  7. It’s not only about melting ice caps … 1979 2003 BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  8. Global Warming • Reduced polar ice - raises the sea level • Most vulnerable will be the poor countries - most affected by floods, droughts & storms • Singapore is studying 4m high dyke system BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  9. An Inconvenient Truth It took Al Gore to tell the world Why didn’t the zoo world do it first? Its our business!! BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  10. Desertification Desert ecosystems are the only ecosystem that are increasing in size Global Warming? Drought in the Senegal BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  11. Earth’s Biocapacity • Global Ecological Footprint exceeds the Biocapacity by 21% • Thus, we are spending Nature’s Capital faster than it can be regenerated BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  12. Developed world must adopt new models Methane, produced by cows burping & farting, has a global warming potential which is 21 times greater than carbon dioxide Globalization means everyone wants western standards of living BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  13. Should we promote vegetarianism? Poverty is one of the most serious causes of environmental destruction Paris Hilton eating fast food BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  14. The Stern Report … • Economic impacts of climate change have shaken world political & industrial leaders • Globally cities - have inadequate & unsustainable infrastructure to meet growing populations Sir Nicholas Stern - 2006 BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  15. We now live in cities……. which are totally unnatural BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  16. Cities are Unnatural • 50% of 5.6 billion live in cities • 326 cities - over 1m • 19 mega cities - over 10m BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  17. Cities are Unnatural Need concentrations of: • Food • Water • Energy Lagos, Nigeria BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  18. Cities are Unnatural Need to dispose of: • Garbage • Sewerage • Grey water • Air pollutants BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  19. Cities are Unnatural • Cover 2% of earth’s surface • Account for: • 78% carbon emissions • 60% residence water waste • 76% wood for industry BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  20. Eco-friendly developments in our zoos BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  21. Eco-architecture BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  22. Eco-architecture • Bioclimatic & sustainable architecture: • Green roof buildings • Orientation of buildings to maximize use of natural light & natural wind ventilation Twycross Zoo - Entrance complex with green roof BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  23. Natural Cooling Sources • Tree planting to reduce heat retention of buildings • Air movement is the most important element of passive cooling • Reduces need for airconditioning & fans Passive shade BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  24. Natural Cooling Sources Design planting to funnel breezes through the building BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  25. Eco-efficient Tropical House Good cross ventilation BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  26. Air is drawn over a lake outside, which cools the building Passive Climate Control BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  27. Building Materials • Selection of building materials - especially timber - from sustainable sources, which are recycled or can be recycled • Energy efficient materials • Use of indigenous regional architecture using tried & tested designs & materials Artificial timber boardwalk BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  28. International Audits • Follow LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) ratings for design, construction, and operation of green buildings • And ISO 1402 (International Organization of Standardization) for energy conservation BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  29. Eco-landscape BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  30. Eco-landscape • Landscape provides functions & production as well as aesthetic qualities • Landscape supports biological climate control • Soften impact of hard landscape • Provides space for food production BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  31. Pekarangan - Edible Landscapes Yield calories m2/yr 450 500 300 45 15 Vertical Strata Over 10m 5-10m 2-5m 1-2m 0-1m A: (over 10m)Coconut, albizia B:(5-10m) fruit trees: soursop, jackfruit, pisitam, guava, mountain apple, cloves, breadfruit, avocado, mango, mangosteen, rambutan C: (2-5m)banana, papaya, small fruit trees (belimbil, starfruit) salek, coffee, ipil ipil D:(1-2m)cassava, Xanthosoma, arrowroot, gembili (D.esculenta) cardamom, galangal E:(0-1m)starch foods, vegetables & spices e.g. sweet potato, taro, chilli, eggplant tumeric BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  32. Organic Pest Control • Natural pest management • Creative non-pesticide solutions Ladybird Preying mantis Ducks in paddy fields BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  33. Water Conservation BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  34. Water • Saving & management of water through drainage systems: • Collection - take advantage of natural run-off • Purification • Storage • Use as wildlife refuges • Aquaculture BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  35. Knowing the Site Conditions Like wastewater & sewerage treatment with low-cost constructed & natural wetlands Allows for early environmental design solutions BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  36. Putrajaya Wetlands Then turning wetlands into wildlife sanctuaries BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  37. Compost Toilets! Dry & wet systems Hmmmmm… BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  38. Compost Toilets! Smell is reduced considerably Worms create excellent compost BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  39. Waterless Urinals • Urine passes through floating, lighter weight liquid which traps & seals it, preventing odour BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  40. Alternative Energy Systems BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  41. Solar or Photovoltaic Systems (PV) BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  42. Photovoltaic Systems Integration of PV panels into the construction initially reduces costs considerably BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  43. A small electric pump can lift 30 m³ water per day from 5m depth Photovoltics for Drinking Water PV cells powering a small electric pump BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  44. All sorts of practical applications … Thin-film solar cell bikini powering an MP3 player BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  45. Hydro-Power 3 Gorges dam BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  46. Environmental Impact • Hydro power presently produces 90% of all power from renewable energy sources • The problem is the environmental impact 3 Gorges dam BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  47. Small Hydro-electric Energy • Small-scale hydroelectric facilities do not require building expensive facilities Can provide power for 800 people BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  48. Micro Hydroelectric Energy • Require minor civil engineering works - reducing costs & environmental impact Micro hydroelectric turbine BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  49. Biogas & Biofuel BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

  50. Biogas • Bio-methanization is the fermentation of organic matter into clean burning methane & carbon dioxide Indian kitchen using biogas BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

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