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Emergence of Modern Science

Dr. Hoge NS 1300 – Spring 2010. Emergence of Modern Science. Is the Big Bang in trouble?. The Big Bang is the unifying theory of cosmology, right? But, we are finding that the Big Bang theory cannot answer all of the questions we have. So, we need a new theory.

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Emergence of Modern Science

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  1. Dr. Hoge NS 1300 – Spring 2010 Emergence of Modern Science

  2. Is the Big Bang in trouble? • The Big Bang is the unifying theory of cosmology, right? • But, we are finding that the Big Bang theory cannot answer all of the questions we have. • So, we need a new theory. • What does this mean, and why such a fuss? • What are the questions the Big Bang can’t answer?

  3. The Ordered Universe • Earth as the Center of the Universe • Ptolemy • Look to the Stars • Astrology • Calendars (Mayan, Aztec, Druids) • Emergence of Modern Astronomy • Copernicus

  4. Mechanistic Universe • Kepler • Galileo • The Telescope • Heresy

  5. Motion • Mass (m) • Speed (s) • Velocity (v) • Acceleration (a) • Force (F) F=ma

  6. Universal Laws of Motion • Isaac Newton • Newton’s Laws of Motion • What is space? • – the bucket problem (absolute space) “If I have seen far, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants” -- Sir Isaac Newton

  7. Space-Time • d = vt • d is distance (displacement is different from distance) • v is velocity • t is time • Speed is change in distance over time (magnitude) • Velocity is speed plus direction (vector) (scale is important)

  8. Newton’s 1stLaw – Law of Inertia • A moving object will continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed, and a stationary object will remain at rest, unless acted on by an unbalanced force. A motorist wishes to travel 40 kilometers at an average speed of 40 km/hr. During the first 20 km, an average speed of 40 km/hr is maintained. During the next 10 km, however, the motorist goofs off and averages only 20 km/hr. To drive the last 10 km and average 40 km/hr, the motorist must drive: a) 60 km/hr c) 90 km/hr b) 80 km/hr d) faster than light

  9. Newton’s 2nd Law • The acceleration produced on a body by a force is proportional to the magnitude of the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. • A force is a push or a pull • F = ma

  10. Newton’s 3rd Law • For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. • Friction • Gravity • FG = M1 X M2 / d2 • Center of gravity? • Projectile Motion It’s not rocket science, oh wait, yes it is

  11. Momentum • P = mv • Linear Momentum • Angular Momentum • Conservation of Momentum

  12. Gravity • Newton’s Gravity • Einstein’s Gravity

  13. Wherefore Art Thou, Gravity? • General Relativity • Gravitational Field • Quantum Gravity • Graviton • Can String Theory Unite Them?

  14. Is Superman Possible? • Cartoon Laws of Physics • Roller Coaster Physics • The Physics of Baseball • NASCAR Physics • Physics of Martial Arts • Movie Physics • Physics of Superheroes

  15. Quiz • 1. T or F, force equals mass times velocity. • 2. T or F, momentum equals mass times acceleration. • 3. T or F, gravity is an example of Newton’s 3rd law. • 4. If I say the force of gravity pulling on you is the force, what is the reaction force? • 5. T or F, gravity is nothing more than the acceleration of spacetime.

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