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Depictives in Hungarian A class of non-finite constructions

Depictives in Hungarian A class of non-finite constructions. Casper de Groot ACLC - Universiteit van Amsterdam. Non-finite predications. Infinitives, participles, converbs, gerunds etc . I heard Peter playing the piano. Mary walked away laughing .

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Depictives in Hungarian A class of non-finite constructions

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  1. Depictives in HungarianA class of non-finite constructions Casper de Groot ACLC - Universiteit van Amsterdam

  2. Non-finite predications • Infinitives, participles, converbs, gerunds etc. • I heard Peter playing the piano. • Mary walked away laughing. • Charles went to the market to buy cheese. ACLC - November 25, 2009

  3. Secondary predications Obligatory • They consider John a fool. John = a fool * They consider John. * They consider a fool. Optional - Depictives • Mary ate the fish raw. fish = raw Mary ate the fish. ACLC - November 25, 2009

  4. Depictives • Mary ate the fish raw. • Schultze-Berndt & Himmelmann (2004) and Himmelmann & Schultze-Berndt eds. (2005) establish a better understanding of formal and semantic properties of depictives by describing various examples from languages of the world while comparing them with (different classes of) adverbials, i.e. other types of participant-oriented adjuncts. • Depictives are participant-oriented adjuncts which are part of the focus domain of a sentence, i.e. which function as focus exponents. Such adjuncts encode a state which contributes a significant characteristic to the main event – for example, leaving drunk or leaving outraged is different from simply leaving. ACLC - November 25, 2009

  5. Depictives Mary ate the fish raw. Depictive secondary predications meet the following requirements: • There are two separate predicative elements. • The depictive is obligatory controlled. The controller is not expressed separately as an argument of the depictive. • The depictive does not form a complex or periphrastic predicate with the main predicate. • The depictive is not an argument of the main verb. • The depictive is not a modifier of the controller. • The depictive is part of the same prosodic unit as the main predicate. • The depictive is non-finite. ACLC - November 25, 2009

  6. Depictives in Hungarian Pál idegenvezetö-ként dolgozik Görögországban. (noun) Paul tour operator-ESS works Greece.in “Paul is working as a tour operator in Greece.” Péter berúg-va ment haza. (converb) Peter get.drunk-CONV went home “Peter went home drunk’.” Kett-enmentünk haza. (numeral) two-ADV we.went home “The two of us went home.” Mari nyers-en ette meg a halat. (adjective) Mary raw-ADV ate up the fish “Mary ate the fish raw.” ACLC - November 25, 2009

  7. Finite versus non-finite marking ACLC - November 25, 2009

  8. Finite versus non-finite marking ACLC - November 25, 2009

  9. Finite versus non-finite marking ACLC - November 25, 2009

  10. Finite versus non-finite marking ACLC - November 25, 2009

  11. Finite versus non-finite marking ACLC - November 25, 2009

  12. Finite versus non-finite marking ACLC - November 25, 2009

  13. Finite versus non-finite marking ACLC - November 25, 2009

  14. Finite versus non-finite marking ACLC - November 25, 2009

  15. Finite versus non-finite marking ACLC - November 25, 2009

  16. Finite versus non-finite marking ACLC - November 25, 2009

  17. Depictive - Noun Pál mint idegenvezetö dolgozik Görögországban. (mint) Paul as tour operator works Greece.in “Paul is working as a tour operator in Greece.” Pál idegenvezetö-ként dolgozik Görögországban. (-ként) Paul tour operator-ESS works Greece.in “Paul is working as a tour operator in Greece.” mint = Paul is a tour operator by profession -ként = Paul is working as if he is a tour operator ACLC - November 25, 2009

  18. Depictive - Noun ? Madonna mint férfi jelent meg a színpadon. (mint) Madonna as man appeared Asp the stage.on ‘Madonna appeared on stage as a man.’ Madonna férfi-ként jelent meg a színpadon. (-ként) Madonna man-ESS appeared Asp the stage.on ‘Madonna appeared on stage as a man.’ mint = Madonna is a man -ként = Madonna dressed as a man ACLC - November 25, 2009

  19. Depictive - converb Péter be van rúg-va. (non-verbal predicate) Peter ASP COP drunk-CONV ‘Peter is drunk.’ Péter berúg-va ment haza. (depictive) Peter get.drunk-CONV went home ‘Peter went home drunk.’ Károly rohan-va jön a kertböl. (manner) Charles run-CONV come the garden-from ‘Charles comes running from the garden.’ A pohar-at felemel-ve elmondta a köszöntö-t. (circumstance) the glass raise-CONV he.said the toast ‘He proposed a toast while raising his glass.’ ACLC - November 25, 2009

  20. Depictive - Numeral Kett-en mentünk haza. (depictive) Two-sx we.went home ‘The two of us went home.’ Compare: Anna szép-en énekel. (manner) Anna beautiful-sx sing ‘Anna sings beautifully.‘ ACLC - November 25, 2009

  21. Depictive - Adjective Mari nyers-en ette meg a halat. (depictive) Mary raw-ADV ate up the fish “Mary ate the fish raw.” Anna szép-en énekel. (manner) Anna beautiful-sx sing ‘Anna sings beautifully.‘ János mérges-en írta a levelet. (ambiguous) John angry-sx went away ‘John left angry / angrily ACLC - November 25, 2009

  22. Depictives versus Manner ACLC - November 25, 2009

  23. Depictives versus Manner ACLC - November 25, 2009

  24. Depictives versus Manner ACLC - November 25, 2009

  25. Depictives versus Manner ACLC - November 25, 2009

  26. Depictives versus Manner ACLC - November 25, 2009

  27. Depictives versus Manner ACLC - November 25, 2009

  28. Hungarian versus Finnish ACLC - November 25, 2009

  29. Hungarian versus Finnish ACLC - November 25, 2009

  30. Hungarian versus Finnish ACLC - November 25, 2009

  31. Essive in Hungarian and Finnish Hungarian Béla orvos-ként dolgozik Párizsban. Béla doctor-ESS works Paris.in ‘Béla is working as a doctor in Paris.’ Finnish Heikki on Jämsässä lääkäri-na Heikki is Jämsä-in doctor-ESS ‘Heikki is (working as) a doctor in Jämsä.' ACLC - November 25, 2009

  32. Hungarian versus Finnish ACLC - November 25, 2009

  33. Converb and case in Hungarian and Finnish Hungarian: Depicitves, Manner, and Circumstance The converb in -va/-ve does not allow any suffix Finnish: Manner, Circumstance, Purpose Infinitive-a + translative -kse + Possessive (purpose) Infinitive-mA + abessive -ttä Infinitive-e + instructive -n (manner, circ.) Coordination of Essive with Converb-Instructive is possible. ACLC - November 25, 2009

  34. Hungarian versus Finnish ACLC - November 25, 2009

  35. Hungarian versus Finnish ACLC - November 25, 2009

  36. Hungarian versus Finnish ACLC - November 25, 2009

  37. Hungarian versus Finnish ACLC - November 25, 2009

  38. Hungarian versus Finnish ACLC - November 25, 2009

  39. Ambiguity between Depictive and Mannerwith an Adjective Hungarian János mérges-en írta a levelet. (ambiguous) John angry-sx went away ‘John left angry / angrily Finnish Pekka lähti  iloise-na        luennolle. (unambiguous) Pekka went cheerful-ESS lecture.ALL 'Pekka went cheerfully to the lecture.' ACLC - November 25, 2009

  40. Hungarian versus Finnish ACLC - November 25, 2009

  41. Essive in Finno-Ugric Ugric Hungarian Ob-Ugric Khanty, Mansi Finnic Permic Udmurt, Komi Volgaic Mari, Mordvin North Finnic Estonian, Finnish, Livonian, Saami, Vepsian, Votic ACLC - November 25, 2009

  42. Case or Marker • Hungarian -ként does not mark arguments of predicates • Hungarian -nak/-nek is the Dative case, it is also used to mark obligatory secondary predicates • Essive and alike are ‘predicative case makers’ • Essive and alike are predicative markers • Morphological aspects: • Agglutinative languages have phrase makers • Infinitve and converb are not verbal. ACLC - November 25, 2009

  43. Conclusions • Depictive as a category of non-finite expressions • Depictive versus Manner • Hungarian as an example for typological research • Essive in the Finno-Ugrian languages • Depictive marker: case or predicative marker c.degroot@uva.nl http://home.medewerkers.uva.nl/c.degroot ACLC - November 25, 2009

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