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The Power of the Church

The Power of the Church. Central govts. = weak Church acted as central govt. 800: Church crowned Charlemagne as Roman Emp. 500: Pope Gelasius I There are two powers by which this world is chiefly ruled: the sacred authority of the priesthood & the authority of kings.

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The Power of the Church

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  1. The Power of the Church

  2. Central govts. = weak • Church acted as central govt. • 800: Church crowned Charlemagne as Roman Emp. • 500: Pope Gelasius I There are two powers by which this world is chiefly ruled: the sacred authority of the priesthood & the authority of kings. • 2 swords (Pope = Spiritual, Emperor = Political)

  3. II. The Church Hierarchy • Clergy were organized according to power

  4. A. Parish Priest • Usually of peasant origin • Served people of his parish (smallest division of church) • Poorest clergy member • Administered 5 of 7 sacraments

  5. Sacraments = ceremonies at which the participants received the direct favor of God to help them ward off the consequences of sin

  6. Sacraments • 1. Baptism • 2. Holy Eucharist • 3. Confirmation • 4. Penance • 5. Taking of Holy Orders • 6. Matrimony • 7. Extreme Unction

  7. B. The Bishop • Diocese = made up numerous parishes • Managed by bishop • Selected by king or great noble • Chosen for family connections—were feudal lords

  8. C. The Archbishop • Had authority over dioceses & bishops in his province

  9. D. The Pope & his Curia • Curia = pope’s advisors • Cardinals = most important, advised on legal & spiritual matters • Elected pope • Church = opportunity to move up • Pope Callistus I = originally a slave

  10. E. Law of the Church • Authority = religious & political • Canon law (church law) = marriage & religious practices • Had own courts • Excommunication = cut off from the church • Interdict = all churches in a region were closed

  11. Church had power to tax • Tithe (one-tenth a person’s income) • “Peter’s Pence” • 1200s: church reached peak of power

  12. III. The Church & the Holy Roman Empire • A. Otto I Allies w/the Church • 936: feudal lords of Germany elected Otto I as King (interested in Italy) • 951: seized territory in northern Italy • 961: helped Pope John XII w/Roman nobles • 962: Crowned Emperor of the Romans • Holy Roman Empire (Germany & n. Italy)

  13. Emp. Henry III (r. 1046-1056)—H.R. Emp. reached high point • Church = branch of royal govt. • Elected a German to Papacy

  14. B. Struggle w/the Papacy • Church upset of Kings’ control over clergy • Lay Investiture (church officials were appointed by kings/nobles) • Had power of naming bishops • 1075: Pope Gregory VII banned L.I. • Henry IV ordered Gregory to step down • Gregory excomm. Henry • Bishops & nobles sided w/Pope

  15. 1077: Henry appealed to Pope • Castle of Canossa (n. Italy) • Stood at doors for 3 days • Pope forgave Henry

  16. Worms • Struggle over lay investiture cont’d. • 1122: Concordant of Worms • Henry V agreed to grant only lands & secular powers to church officials • Church officials elected bishops & granted them spiritual powers • Emperors still meddled in Italian politics

  17. IV. Disorder in the Empire • A. Frederick Barbarossa • Frederick I (r. 1152-1190) • Interested in Italy ($ Lombardy $) • Lombard League • Battle of Legnano (1176) • 1177: made peace w/pope

  18. B. Innocent III & Papal Power • Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216) • believed he was supreme over clergy & rulers • Emperors = servants of the Church • Quarreled w/King John • Placed England under interdict • John = Pope’s vassal • Dominated all of Italy

  19. Innocent’s success = favorable conditions in Europe • Germany & Italy never united • Both remained internally fragmented until 1800s

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