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Biological Theories: Before Lombroso

Biological Theories: Before Lombroso. Franz Joseph Gall. 1738-1800 Baden, Germany Dr of Craniology or Cranioscopy, early terms for phrenology. The Brain is the Organ of the Mind. The Mind is Composed of Multiple Distinct innate Facilities.

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Biological Theories: Before Lombroso

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  1. Biological Theories: Before Lombroso

  2. Franz Joseph Gall • 1738-1800 Baden, Germany • Dr of Craniology or Cranioscopy, early terms for phrenology

  3. The Brain is the Organ of the Mind

  4. The Mind is Composed of Multiple Distinct innate Facilities

  5. Because they are Distinct, Each has a Compartment or “Organ in the Brain”

  6. The Size of an Organ is a Measure of its Power

  7. The Shape is a Determination of its Development

  8. The Skull Takes its Shape from the Brain

  9. Phrenology

  10. Phrenology

  11. More Biosocial Positivisim After Lombroso

  12. Goring English Prison Medical Officer The English Convict

  13. Goring Statistically Diverse differences in Body stature and weight

  14. Defective Physique Defective Intelligence • Prisoners Were shorter and thinner • Prisoners had lower IQ (Subjectively)

  15. Hooten Crime and the Man

  16. Hooten [W]hatever the crime may be, it ordinarily arises from a deteriorated organism…Certainly the penitentiaries of our society are built upon the shifting sands and quaking bogs of inferior human organisms.(Hooten 1939)

  17. How Good were Hooten’s Conclusions? • There was greater measured differences among prisoners than the general population

  18. Biosocial considerations If a Criminal is Biologically Inferior, why not sort them now?

  19. Biosocial Considerations Can we isolate them from society? Can we change the prison terms based on physical form?

  20. Biosocial Considerations Why not consider surgically “fixing” some inadequacies?

  21. Where did the Biological Theorists Go Wrong?

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