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Detergent Industries

Detergent Industries. Chapter 7. Enzymes. Made by all living cells Speed up chemical reactions Work best at warm temperatures (e.g 40oC) Above 60oC, they are destroyed In the body, they help with digestion - break large molecules into smaller particles. ‘Biological’ detergents.

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Detergent Industries

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  1. Detergent Industries Chapter 7

  2. Enzymes • Made by all living cells • Speed up chemical reactions • Work best at warm temperatures (e.g 40oC) • Above 60oC, they are destroyed • In the body, they help with digestion • - break large molecules into smaller particles

  3. ‘Biological’ detergents • A detergent containing enzymes • Enzymes digest stains • - break large particles (e.g. protein) down into small particles • Non-bio detergents have no enzymes • Enzymes used are produced by bacteria • Bacteria grown in an industrial fermenter • Whilst growing, they release enzymes • Some people suffer from allergies to ‘bio’ detergents • - enzymes can be coated

  4. Advantage of using biological washing powder • Reduce fuel costs – work at lower temperatures • Less damage to fabrics – less ‘shrinking at low temperatures • Can remove ‘difficult’ stains, that non-bios can’t • - e.g. grass, blood • Bio detergents often contain several types of enzyme • - e.g. protein-digesting, starch-digesting, fat-digesting

  5. Environmental impact • To supply electricity, power stations burn fossil fuels • Release CO2, sulphur dioxide (SO2) • - CO2 helps global warming • - SO2 can lead to acid rain • Bio-detergents can reduce the need for electricity

  6. Detergents on wildlife • Detergents are rich in phosphates • Sewage works break down waste water and detergents into harmless wastes • - bacteria are used to digest the waste • Some detergents can kill sewage bacteria • Waste water can pass through sewage works untreated • Untreated waste appears as clouds of foam • Phosphates can act as fertilisers • - can help green algae grow in rivers/streams • - too many algae use up all the oxygen • To reduce the damage caused by phosphates….

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