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Unit 5 Review

Unit 5 Review. Sickle Cell Anemia Protein Synthesis Meiosis Cloning and Stem Cells. What to Know and Be Able to Do. Unit 5 covers all human knowledge including: Cause and Traits of Sickle Cell Anemia Protein Synthesis Meiosis Cloning and Stem Cells

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Unit 5 Review

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  1. Unit 5 Review Sickle Cell Anemia Protein Synthesis Meiosis Cloning and Stem Cells

  2. What to Know and Be Able to Do • Unit 5 covers all human knowledge including: • Cause and Traits of Sickle Cell Anemia • Protein Synthesis • Meiosis • Cloning and Stem Cells • Review and Know Unit 5 Vocabulary Words • Review Lessons from Unit 5

  3. Sickle Cell Anemia • Individuals who are sickle cell carriers (SA) are resistant to malaria infection. This means that they do not get malaria if they are bitten by a mosquito that has plasmodium microorganisms.

  4. Sickle Cell Anemia • Proteins determine the traits (phenotypes) of living things • Sickle Cell is a recessive trait resulting in an error in the amino acid sequence of Hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

  5. Transcription DNA triplet code transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) mRNA triplet code called “codons” Occurs in nucleus mRNA carries DNA code to ribosome in cytoplasm Translation mRNA/ribosome complex translate triplet code into amino acid (aa) sequence Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings a specific aa to mRNA/ribosome complex tRNA triplet “anticodon” matches mRNA codon to insure aa’s are in correct sequence Protein Synthesis

  6. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Double-stranded helix Composed of Nucleotides Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine RNA Ribonucleic Acid Single-stranded Composed of Nucleotides Adenine Cytosine Guanine Uracil DNA vs RNA Nucleotides

  7. Transcription • DNA untwists and unzips • RNA nucleotides base pair with exposed DNA bases • Uracil base pairs with Adenine • mRNA codons match DNA triplet code • Which strand is DNA? Why? • Which strand is RNA? Why • Where in the cell is this process taking place?

  8. Translation • Occurs in cytoplasm at mRNA/Ribosome complex • Triplet anticodons of tRNA match mRNA codons to align aa’s in correct sequence • aa’s bonded together into correct polypeptide chain sequence

  9. Protein Synthesis Practice VIP Gene DNA Base Sequence ATG-ACA-TCG-TCG-TTC-CTA-TTC-TCG-TAA VIP Gene mRNA Base Sequence (codons) ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____ tRNA Anticodon Sequence ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____ Protein (aa) Sequence (use key) ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____

  10. Protein Synthesis Practice VIP Gene DNA Base Sequence ATG-ACA-TCG-TCG-TTC-CTA-TTC-TCG-TAA VIP Gene mRNA Base Sequence (codon) UAC-UGU-AGC-AGC-AAG-GAU-AAG-AGC-AUU tRNA Anticodon Sequence ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____ Protein (aa) Sequence (use key) ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____

  11. Protein Synthesis Practice VIP Gene DNA Base Sequence ATG-ACA-TCG-TCG-TTC-CTA-TTC-TCG-TAA VIP Gene mRNA Base Sequence (codon) UAC-UGU-AGC-AGC-AAG-GAU-AAG-AGC-AUU tRNA Anticodon Sequence AUG-ACA-UCG-UCG-UUC-CUA-UUC-UCG-UAA Protein (aa) Sequence (use key) ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____

  12. Protein Synthesis Practice tRNA Anticodon Sequence AUG-ACA-UCG-UCG-UUC-CUA-UUC-UCG-UAA Protein (aa) Sequence (use key) ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____

  13. Protein Synthesis Practice tRNA Anticodon Sequence AUG-ACA-UCG-UCG-UUC-CUA-UUC-UCG-UAA Protein (aa) Sequence (use key) (start) M – T – S – S – F – L – F – S – W (stop)

  14. Meiosis Process that produces haploid gametes (sex cells) that have one-half of the genetic material of the original diploid cell

  15. Things to Know for Meiosis Meiosis has eight stages Results in the formation of gametes Gametes or sex cells have half the number of chromosomes of a normal cell (haploid) All other cells in your body, everything but the eggs or sperm, are diploid cells Click here for Meiosis animation Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II Meiosis www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamaker/animations/meiosis.html

  16. Cloning & Stem Cells • What does it mean to “clone” an organism? • What are stem cells and what are the pros and cons of stem cell research?

  17. Unit 5 Study Guide Worth 5 Extra Credit points on test if completed (do your own work) and turned in on test day.

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