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Low Emission Fossil Fuel Technologies

Tel: (07) 3316 2531 Fax: (07)3295 9570 www.oresomeresources.com. Low Emission Fossil Fuel Technologies. Greenhouse Effect. Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au. The Carbon Cycle. Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au. Why low emission fossil fuel technologies?.

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Low Emission Fossil Fuel Technologies

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  1. Tel: (07) 3316 2531 Fax: (07)3295 9570 www.oresomeresources.com Low Emission Fossil Fuel Technologies

  2. Greenhouse Effect Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  3. The Carbon Cycle Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  4. Why low emission fossil fuel technologies? Energy requirements predicted to double by 2020 With large increases in energy requirements, renewable sources alone will not suffice. World primary energy demand in the reference scenario. From International Energy Agency – World Energy Outlook 2007.

  5. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Capture and storage of carbon dioxide that would otherwise be emitted in the atmosphere. Capturing occurs at the point of emission. Captured gases stored in underground reservoirs. Porous rocks act as underground reservoirs. Carbon capture

  6. Sources of CO2 Capture Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  7. Methods of Carbon Capture- Low Emission Fossil Fuel Technologies • Post-combustion capture of CO2 • Pre-combustion capture of CO2 • Oxyfuel Combustion • Geosequestration Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  8. Post Combustion Capture Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  9. Advantages & Disadvantages ADVANTAGES: Can be retrofitted to existing plants Renewable technologies can be integrated. DISADVANTAGES: Cost of technology – retrofitting High running costs – absorber and degraded solvent replacement costs Large amounts of energy required Limited large scale operating experience. Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  10. Pre-Combustion Capture INTEGRATED GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE (IGCC) Stage 1 - Coal gasification – partial oxidation of coal coal + steam + limited oxygen = syngas (CO and H) (CO2 and S removed). Stage 2 – Creating Electricity clean gas used to generate electricity in a conventional gas turbine (65%) any hot exhaust gases are used to heat water to steam to produce electricity using a steam turbine (35%). Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  11. Pre Combustion Capture Vic Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  12. Solvent Based CO2 Capture Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  13. IGCC – Advantages & Disadvantages • ADVANTAGES • 50% less solid waste • Uses 20 – 50% less water • Can utilise a variety of fuels - heavy oils, petroleum cokes and coals • 95% CO2 captured, 95% sulphur removed • Carbon capture less costly from IGCC than CPS • Syngas can be used in a variety of applications. • DISADVANTAGES • Requires a chemical plant • High investment cost. Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  14. Oxyfuel Combustion Oxygen produced by separation of air (nitrogen removed) Coal is burnt in pure oxygen Flue gas is free of nitrogen, and mostly consists of water vapour (removed) and carbon dioxide (separated and compressed to a liquid for later transport and storage). Callide Oxyfuel Project

  15. OxyFiring Combustion Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  16. Advantages & Disadvantages ADVANTAGES Potentially 100% CO2 capture More complete combustion - few other harmful emissions Possible to retrofit. DISADVANTAGES Requires large amounts of energy. Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  17. Geosequestration • Deep geological storage of carbon dioxide from major industrial sources. • Can be stored in: • Depleted Oil and Gas Reservoirs • Deep Saline Aquifers • Unminable Coal Seams • Conditions for storage: • Deep, high pressure • Porous rocks capped by impermeable rock strata • Trapping Mechanisms • Structural – rock strata keeps in place • Solubility Trapping – dissolution of CO2 into saline water • Geosequestration • Geochemical / Mineral – react with host rocks forming stable carbonate minerals. Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  18. Potential CO2 storage sites Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  19. Active Projects Carbon Capture and Storage There are currently four commercial installations each storing 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year. Sleipner (1996), Weyburn (2000), In Salah (2004), Snohvit (2008) Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  20. Proposed Projects Carbon Capture and Storage Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  21. Aust Carbon Capture and Storage Projects Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  22. CO2 CRC Project Image courtesy of CO2CRC: www.co2crc.com.au

  23. Useful Websites • OresomeResources • www.oresomeresources.com • New Gen Coal – Australian Coal Association • www.newgencoal.com.au • Callide Oxy-firing • http://www.csenergy.com.au/ • Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering http://www.atse.org.au/index.php?sectionid=1124 • CCS and Otway Project • http://www.CO2CRC.com.au

  24. Queensland Resources Council wishes to acknowledge CO2CRC for the supply of these imageswww.co2crc.com.auFor more PowerPoints and other educational resources on minerals and energy visit www.oresomeresources.com

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