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High energy astrophysics

High energy astrophysics. Polish HEA groups & gamma-ray observational projects. Michał Ostrowski Jagiellonian University, Cracow Parts of this presentation were kindly provided by F. Aharonian , D. Sobczy ń ska , G. Wrochna , A. Zdziarski.

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High energy astrophysics

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  1. High energy astrophysics Polish HEA groups & gamma-ray observational projects Michał Ostrowski Jagiellonian University, Cracow Parts of this presentation were kindly provided by F. Aharonian, D. Sobczyńska, G. Wrochna,A. Zdziarski

  2. Crab Nebula : : wide wavelength range spectrum 20 decades in energy X and photons – detected in 11 decades ! 1 keV – 100 TeV COMPTEL EGRET SYN HEGRA IC INTEGRAL H.E.S.S., MAGIC

  3. A. HEA groups B. Observational projects Hard X-ray – soft -ray astronomy INTEGRAL Ground based high energy -ray astronomy H.E.S.S. MAGIC Related astrophysical projects " of the sky"

  4. A. High energy astrophysics groups (3 PAS, 6 Uni) Analytic and numerical modelling of energetic processes in astrophysical sources - binary stars with a compact (BH or NS) companion - accretion disks - black hole and neutron star physics, pulsars - relativistic jets, GRBs - CR astrophysics Observations, data analysis and interpretation from several space missions (Chandra, XMM, INTEGRAL, Compton, ...) and Cherenkov gamma ray telescopes (H.E.S.S., MAGIC)

  5. PAS • Copernicus Astronomical Center ("CAC") • Polish Academy of Sciences • Warsaw & Torun • (~15 scientists & PhD students) • physics of accretion disks near compact objects in galactic • and extragalactic objects • X-ray and -ray background • physics of relativistic jets • physics of neutron stars • (B. Czerny, P. Haensel, B. Rudak, M. Sikora, A. Soltan, A. Zdziarski)

  6. PAS • Niewodniczanski Nuclear Physics Institute • Polish Academy of Sciences • Cracow • (~6 scientists & PhD students; Auger, H.E.S.S.) • a cosmic ray group and a high energy astrophysics • group, working also on: • relativistic shock acceleration • numerical astrophysics • (H. Wilczyński)

  7. PAS Space Research Centre ("SRC") Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw & Wrocław (~6 scientists & PhD students) (Technical staff with space quality instrumental expertise: INTEGRAL, H.E.S.S.) - Solar high energy astrophysics - X-ray spectrometer on board of CORONAS F (J. Sylwester)

  8. Uni • Astronomical Observatory &Institute of Physics • Jagiellonian University • Cracow • (~7 scientists & PhD students; H.E.S.S.) • CR acceleration processes at shock waves • relativistic jets • black hole physics • neutron star structure • (M. Kutschera, M. Ostrowski)

  9. Uni • Institute of Experimental Physics, • Lodz University • Lodz • (~10 scientists & PhD students;Auger, MAGIC) • a cosmic ray group working also on • physics of compact objects in binary systems • gamma ray astrophysics • CR acceleration and propagation processes • (W. Bednarek, M. Giller)

  10. Uni • Astronomical Observatory, Warsaw University • Warsaw • (~4 scientists & PhD students) • - physics of magnetized compact objects • - gamma ray bursts • (T. Bulik) • Astronomy Centre, Nicolaus Copernicus University • Torun • (~3 scientists & PhD students) • relativistic jets • (M. Hanasz)

  11. Uni Institute of Astronomy, Wroclaw University Wrocław (~5 scientists & PhD students) - Solar high energy astrophysics (J. Jakimiec)

  12. Uni Institute of Astronomy, Zielona Góra University Zielona Góra (~5 scientists & PhD students) - pulsar astrophysics - accretion disks(J. Gil, W. Kluzniak)

  13. Observational projects

  14. The INTEGRAL satellite of the European Space Agency launched in 2002

  15. Main instruments of INTEGRAL • The gamma-ray telescope IBIS, 15 keV – 10 MeV • The gamma-ray spectrometer SPI, 20 keV – 8 MeV • The imaging X-ray monitor JEM-X, 3 – 35 keV • The optical monitoring camera OMC, 500 – 600 nm Two Polish institutions involved: - Copernicus Astronomical Centre, PAS, Warsaw ("CAC") - Space Research Centre, PAS, Warsaw ("SRC")

  16. Polish participation in hardware and software Coordinated by A. Zdziarski (Co-I of IBIS, JEM-X, ISDC): • Electronics and simulators of the anti-coincidence system for IBIS – P. Orleański et al., SRC • Electric ground support system for the JEM-X – • M. Morawski et al., SRC • On-board software for JEM-X – G. Juchnikowski, • Extensive software writing by J. Borkowski (CAC) at the ISDC, 1996 – 2003, and then at CAC Instrument-specific software for the IBIS written by M. Denis (SRI, Co-I of IBIS); some participation in the SPI.

  17. One of the contributions of the Space Research Institute, Warsaw: Veto Electronics Box for the IBIS telescope built by the team of P. Orleański

  18. Some highlights of INTEGRAL • A high rate of gamma-ray burst detections; • Discovery of an accreting millisecond pulsar; • Detailed maps of the Galactic Centre in γ-rays, in particular in the 511 keV annihilation radiation; • Discovery of the past activity of the Galactic Centre mirrored in a source 350 light years away; • First discovered the giant flare from the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1806-20; • Discovery of a new class of highly obscured neutron stars; ...

  19. The accreting millisecond pulsar IGR J00291+5934, with the period of 599 Hz It has been spinning up due to accretion from its companion, devouring it in the process. The present mass of the companion is very low, 0.038 M(sun) – it has lost mass due to accretion.

  20. Discovery of a giant flare from the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1806-20 Borkowski et al. 2004, GCN 2920

  21. The source of the flare has been identified by J. Borkowski by the presence of the pulsations with the period of 7.5 s, which is the rotation period of SGR 1806-20.

  22. INTEGRAL: Polish observations J. Borkowski: Gamma-ray bursts, soft γ -ray repeaters, X-ray flashes; A. Zdziarski: Black-hole and neutron-star binaries, active galaxies; P. Lubiński: Black-hole and binaries, active galaxies; M. Denis, T. Bulik, R. Marcinkowski: Accreting X-ray pulsars; Słowikowska, J. Borkowski: Rotation-powered pulsars; M. Sikora: Blazars.

  23. High Energy Gamma Ray Observations Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes

  24. Detecting Very High Energy Gamma-Rays with Cherenkov Light Focal Plane Particle Shower ~ 10 km 5 nsec At 100 GeV ~ 10 Photons/m2 (300 – 600 nm) ~ 120 m Image Orientation Shower Direction Intensity Shower Energy Image Shape Background rejection

  25. MajorAtmosphericGamma-RayImagingCherenkovTelescope The Collaboration : > 100 physicists, 17 Institutions, 10 countries: IFAE Barcelona, UAB Barcelona, HU Berlin, Crimean Observatory, U.C. Davis, U. Dortmund,Uni. Lodz, UCM Madrid, MPI München, INFN & U. Padua, INFN & U. Siena, Sofia, Tuorla Observatory, Yerevan Phys. Institute, INFN & U. Udine, U. Würzburg, ETH Zürich The biggest Cherenkov telescope able to observe gamma rays below 100GeV ! Operates since 2004

  26. Localization:- Roque de los Muchachos on La Palma (Canary Islands) – northern sky - 2200 m a.s.l ~ 800g/cm2 Reflector: • 17 m diameter telescope • Mirror area ~230m2 • Active Mirror Control

  27. Polish share in MAGIC Collaboration • 5 people from Lodz University • Up to now contributed only to common funds + small contribution to MAGIC II + costs of 2 observing shifts per year • In Cycle I – 2 obs. proposals were performed In Cycle II – 2 new obs. proposals accepted • data analysis methods based on the MC simulations and theoretical modelling

  28. Discovery of a Variable Very High Energy Gamma-ray Emission from the Microquasar LS I +61 303 (Observing proposal of the Lodz and Barcelona groups) Flux in a.u.

  29. Discovery of VHE gamma-ray emission from1ES 1218+304 AGN with z =0.182 Note emission below 100 GeV !

  30. Flux upper limit on gamma-ray emission from GRB050713a MAGIC can respond to GRB alert in ~ 20 s !

  31. MAGIC I : ~ 5 mln Euro MAGIC II : additional telescope in construction, will start operation in 2007 stereoscopy

  32. High Energy Stereoscopic System of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes H.E.S.S. 25 institutions (operates since 2003) Temporary status: 9 astrophysicists Copernicus Astronomical Center, PAS, Warsaw & Torun Jagiellonian University, Cracow Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, Cracow + technical support of Space Research Centre, PAS, Warsaw

  33. Stereoscopic approach image of source is somewhere on the image axis …

  34. Namibia – southern sky • Energy range 100 GeV - 10 TeV • Energy resolution 15 - 20% • Angular resolution 3 - 6 arcmin • Sensitivity: 1 Crab 30 sec 0.1 Crab 20min 0.01 Crab 25 hours 10 Crab 1 sec • Field of View 5o H.E.S.S. 13m telescope Camera: 920 pixels, 5 deg FoV

  35. H.E.S.S. results: a detailed map of the SNR RXJ1713.7-3946

  36. Spatially resolved spectra • Spectral shape doesn’t change significantly! • Flux varies up to a factor of 2

  37. PSR1259-63 - a unique high energy laboratory energy flux of starlight close to the periastron around 1 erg/cm3 B-field is estimated between0.1 to 1 G predictable X and gamma-ray fluxes ? time evolution of fluxes and energy spectra of X- and -rays contain unique information about the shock dynamics, electron acceleration, B(r), ...

  38. H.E.S.S. galactic plane survey: non-identified TeV sources

  39. Galactic Centre: DM Annihilation? • HESS Spectrum requires a > 10 TeV DM particles • most WIMPs models favour a < 2 TeV mass neutralinos • other DM particle candidates ? • GMSB: Gauge mediated Supersymmetry Breaking • Kalusa-Klein Dark Matter • also a rather cuspy profile and a high density of DM in the very central part (around SBH/Sgr A*) Wimp annihilation spectra have a cutoff at ~(0.2…0.3) M

  40. On the way: Construction to be completed till the end of 2008 (possible) Polish participation ~0.5 MEuro

  41. Cosmic sources of high energy emission HESS

  42. Related astrophysical projects

  43. 2 sites x 4 mounts x 4 cameras „p of the Sky” • Goal: • study optical emission from rapidly changing sources (Gamma Ray Bursts, cataclysmic stars, etc.) • Principle: • continuous ~all sky survey (32×3000 images / night) • large data stream ( 1 Terabyte / night) • real time analysis, on-line transient recognition • Design: • 2×16 CCD cameras, each 2000×2000 pixels • Canon lenses f=85mm, f/d=1.2 (limit 14m) • field of view = 2 steradians = Swift BAT • under construction (ready by fall 2006) • Collaboration: • Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw • Center for Theoretical Physics PAS, Warsaw • Warsaw University • Warsaw University of Technology ~150 km

  44. CN Leo EQ Peg Las Campanas, Chile, from July 2004 „p of the Sky”prototype Tests in Poland Examples of detected flare star outbursts:

  45. Future - European effort to construct large open gamma ray observatory Cherenkov Telescope Array ("CTA") includes Polish H.E.S.S. and MAGIC groups • new X-ray and gamma ray space projects GRI and XEUS with participation of CAC astrophysicists Expected substantial instrumental inputs to these projects

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