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ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK. What is it? Serious life threatening allergic reaction that is rapid in action and may cause death . Causes: Common causes include insects bite/stings , foods and medication. Symptoms. Skin Itchiness rather burning sensation of skin Generalized hives

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ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

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  1. ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK What is it? Serious life threatening allergic reaction that is rapid in action and may cause death. Causes: Common causes include insects bite/stings, foods and medication

  2. Symptoms • Skin • Itchiness rather burning sensation of skin • Generalized hives • Flushing &swelling of lips • Swelling of tongue or throat in about 20% swelling of face • Running nose &redness of conjunctiva • Skin may also go blue due to lack of oxygen

  3. Symptoms • Respiratory: • Shortness of breath • wheezes caused by spasm of bronchial muscles and stridor is due to upper airways obstruction • Hoarsness &pain with swallowing or cough • Cardiac: • Coronary artery spasm which may lead to myocardial infarction ,dysrrythmias &cardiac arrest caused by histamine release • Low blood pressure and fast or low heart rate • Rapid pulse

  4. Symptoms • Others: • Abdominal pain ,diarrhea ,vomiting dizziness ,chest discomfort, slurred speech • Confusion ,headache ,anxiety • Urine incontinence ,pelvic pain • Risk factors: • People with ASTHMA ,ECZMA ,or ALLERGIC RHINITIS

  5. Sensitivity tests on blood Patch test Challenge test Elimination test

  6. Differetial diagnosis • Asthma :no rash or itching • Syncopy: No rash but pallor more marked • Panic attack : No rash but flushing more marked than hives

  7. Prevention • Avoidance of triggers such as specific foods , environment, medications • Desensitization to venoms e.g bee ,snake wasp, ants etc • Oral immunotherapy mainly in food allergy e.g milk ,egg, nuts ,peanuts • Preparedness: People prone to reaction are advised to wear a medical alert bracelet with all information or having a card • Parents are advised to inform schools of their child’s Allergy

  8. Treament • Anaphylaxis is an emergency condition that needs professional medical attention right away. Call 1122 • Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation (the ABC's of Basic Life Support). A warning sign of dangerous throat swelling is a very hoarse or whispered voice, or coarse sounds when the person is breathing in air. If necessary, begin rescue breathing and CPR. • Calm and reassure the person. • If the allergic reaction is from a bee sting, scrape the stinger off the skin with something firm (such as a fingernail or plastic credit card). Do not use tweezers -- squeezing the stinger will release more venom.

  9. Treatment • If the person has emergency allergy medicine on hand, help the person take or inject the medication. Avoid oral medication if the person is having difficulty breathing. • Take steps to prevent shock. Have the person lie flat, raise the person's feet about 12 inches, and cover him or her with a coat or blanket. Do NOT place the person in this position if a head, neck, back, or leg injury is suspected, or if it causes discomfort. • Do NOT place a pillow under the person's head if he or she is having trouble breathing. This can block the airways. • Do NOT give the person anything by mouth if the person is having trouble breathing.

  10. Prognosis • Good when allergen is known and medical care available • If Allergen is not known but preventive care is available and good then prognosis is good • Death occurs usually in respiratory asphixia or cardiac symptoms • Poor prognosis in old age • Patient recovers in most cases if timely given care

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