Leadership and the Challenges of Change

1. Leadership and the Challenges of Change K. Hridaya Hall, Ph.D, NCC Gary Goodnough, Ph.D, NCC Thursday, July 15, 2010 8:30-11:30am

2. Overview of Today Beginning activity: Progressive relaxation Introduction to stages of change Overview of tools and strategies to navigate barriers to change Discussion of the role of leaders in facilitating change Essential Questions: How can educational leaders best advocate for and facilitate change in face of barriers? What are common frameworks for understanding the change process?

3. Beginning Activity Progressive Relaxation

4. Educational Leaders: Leading Through Change Methods of leadership through change Providing direct services Allying with those who support change Leading change efforts Discussion point: In what ways have you provided or witnessed others providing leadership for change in Pakistan?

5. Understanding the Change Process: Individuals Navigating Change Frameworks for addressing change Advocacy Competencies Stages of Change/ Transtheoretical Theory (Prochaska & DiClemente) Change Theory (Lewin) Motivational Interviewing (Miller & Rollnick)

6. Advocacy Competencies for Systemic Change Community Collaboration • Identify Environmental Factors That Impinge Upon Student Development • Develop Alliances With Groups Working For Change • Identify the Skills that You Bring to the Collaborative Effort Lewis, Arnold, House, & Toporek (2002)

7. Advocacy Competencies for Systemic Change • Systems Advocacy • Identify environmental factors that impact students being able to deal with difficult events. What can these be? • Provide and interpret data to show the urgency for change. What types of data/information can you collect and share with others? • With others, develop a vision to guide change. What is the goal? What are intermediate steps to get there? What would be progress? Lewis, Arnold, House, & Toporek (2002)

8. Systems Advocacy cont. • Analyze the sources of political power and social influence within the system. What are these sources? How do they exert influence on the school system? • Develop a step-by step plan for implementing the change process. How can you begin? What is a reasonable timeframe? How will others be involved? • Develop a plan for dealing with common responses to change • Transtheoretical Model of Change • Lewin’s Change Theory • Motivational Interviewing

9. Common Responses to Change Transtheoretical Model Individuals and systems may be at varying levels of readiness for change Lewin’s Change Theory Resistance may be encountered from forces that work to keep the system stable Change may be perceived as threatening or anxiety provoking Motivational Interviewing Resistance can be minimized by accurately assessing and responding to readiness for change

10. Transtheoretical Model Stages of Change Supportive Strategies Procheska, DiClemente & Norcross (1992) Sharing information Raising consciousness of costs of doing nothing Highlighting how status quo negatively effects educational environment Listing pros and cons of changing Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

11. Lewin’s Change Theory Change Process Supportive Strategies Lewin (1958), Schein (1968) Unfreezing Changing Refreezing Increasing awareness of how existing norms are limiting Providing info that disconfirms existing ways of thinking Listening to other’s fears Supporting a sense of psychological safety through change Equilibrium No Change Change

12. Motivational Interviewing Change Process Supportive Strategies • Versus Schein, 1993 Listening Expressing empathy Supporting self-efficacy Rolling with resistance Developing discrepancies

13. Helping Change to Occur: General Methods Use of data Identifying common goals Understanding power structures and lines of authority Sharing a common understanding of ethical principles and how they apply

14. Lab Questions: Leadership and Change In what ways have you provided or witnessed others providing leadership for change in Pakistan? What are common frameworks for understanding the change process? What examples can you think of from your educational experiences that highlight barriers to change at the systems level? How can educational leaders best apply strategies discussed to advocate for and facilitate change in face of barriers?

15. References Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science: Selected theoretical papers. New York: Harper. Lewis, J. A., Arnold, M. S., House, R., & Toporek, R. L. (2002). ACA Advocacy Competencies. Retrieved 6-10-10 from http://www.counseling.org/ Publications. Miller, W. R., Zweben, A., DiClemente, C. C., & Rychtarik, R. G. (1992).  Motivational Enhancement Therapy manual: A clinical research guide for therapists treating individuals with alcohol abuse and dependence.  Rockville, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Miller, W. R., & Rollnick (2002). Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford. Prochaska J.O., DiClemente C.C., Norcross J.C. (1992). In search of how people change. American Psychologist, 47, 1102-1104. Schein, E. H. (1993). On Dialogue, Culture, and Organizational Learning. Organizational Dynamics, Winter, 40-51.