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Tamil Language from Sangam to Modern Period: A Continuum with colorful changes: What does a search of the Tamil Electronic data reveal us? Vasu Renganathan , University of Pennsylvania ( vasur@sas.upenn.edu ). Online Search Engine. http://www.thetamillanguage.com/sangam.

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  1. Tamil Language from Sangam to Modern Period: A Continuum with colorful changes: What does a search of the Tamil Electronic data reveal us?VasuRenganathan, University of Pennsylvania (vasur@sas.upenn.edu)

  2. Online Search Engine http://www.thetamillanguage.com/sangam

  3. Why is Tamil very complex? • Many dichotomies • such as social versus regional dialect (ஏன்னா? ஏங்க!) • spoken versus written variety (பாத்துட்டேன் - பார்த்துவிட்டேன்) • high versus low register (படையல் – சாதம்) • casual versus platform speech (அங்ன – அங்கே) • Pure versus mixed language (நஞ்சுண்டேன் – விஷமருந்தினேன்) • Old, medieval and Modern Tamil (அறியார் - அறிகிலார் – தெரியாதவர்)

  4. What else? • Sangam to Modern Tamil – A continuum of changes • One change after another leading to occurrence of many layers of language – அனுப்சுடுவேன் – அனுப்பிவித்துவிடுவேன் (அனுப்பிவிச்சுவிடுவேன் - அனுப்பிச்சுடுவேன் – அனுப்சுடுவேன்) • Some changes are traceable and some are non-traceable • வாங்கிடு – வாங்கியூடு (வாங்கிவிடு) ---- என்னத்தெ சொல்ல? • Native speakers’ intuition is not only knowing a particular variety fully, but also having the intelligibility between varieties.

  5. Complexity due to என்

  6. en ‘say’ in present, past and future forms • single or clustered consonant: ங் ‘ṅ’ • (பாக்றேங்றேன் pākṛēṅṛēn ‘I say that I see’, சொல்றாங்றான் colṛāṅṛān ‘he says that he tells’); ண்ண் ‘ṇṇ’ (பாக்றேண்ணேன் pākṛēṇṇēn ‘I said that I see’); and ம்ப் ‘mp’ (கொடுப்பேம்பேன் koṭuppēmpēn ‘I will say that I would give’) respectively (Cf. Search: ngr, என்கிற)

  7. வருவாங்காமெ varu-vān-ṅ-āme ‘without saying that he would arrive..’ வரமாட்டேங்காமெ vara-māṭṭ-ēn-ṅ-āmӕ ‘without saying that I won’t come…’ ஆகுங்காதது āku(m)-ṅ-āta-tu ‘saying that s.t. wouldn’t happen’ கேப்பாங்காதது kē(ḷ)-pp-āṅ-āt-atu ‘saying that he wouldn’t ask’

  8. Occurs in spoken but not in written • *varuvēn enkāmal (*வருவேன் என்காமல்) • *varamāṭṭēn enkāmal (*வரமாட்டேன் என்காமல்) • *ākum enkātatu (*ஆகும் என்காதது) • *kēṭpān enkātatu (*கேட்பான் என்காதது)

  9. எல்லாரும் வருவோம்ணுட்டாங்க! • (எல்லாரும் வருவோம் *என்றுவிட்டார்கள்)

  10. என்ன நீ என்னெ மாடுகீடுண்ணுகிட்டிருக்கெ? (cf. http://www.thetamillangauge.com/spokentamil search: என்று)(*என்ன மாடு கீடு என்றுகொண்டிருக்கிறாய்?)ennӕ māṭu kīṭu-ṇṇu-kiṭṭiru-kk-ӕ? ‘Why do you keep calling me a water buffalo?’நீயே எடுத்துக்குவேண்ணுக்கோ!nīyē eṭu-tt-u-kku-v-ēṇ-ṇu-kkō‘Proclaim that you would take everything for yourself’

  11. என்ன மாடு கீடுண்ணுக்கிட்டிருக்கே

  12. ஆகுமே  ஆமே  லாமே • அப்பரிசீசன் அருள் பெறல் ஆமே (பெற லாமே) • That-Lord grace obtain become ‘One may attain the grace of the Lord’ (Tirum 36:4) • கறை பசு பாசம் கடந்து எய்தல் ஆமே (எய்த லாமே) • Stain soul affinity surpass attain become • ‘One may attain salvation overriding the sin, desire and soul’ (Tirum 49:4) • முக்தி முற்ற லாகுமே (முற்ற லாமே) • Salvation obtain might become • ‘One may obtain salvation’ (Divyaprabandam: 830:8) • மறக்க லாகுமே (மறக்கலாமே) • forget become • ‘One may forget’ (Divyaprabandam: 831:8) • இறை நெகிழ் செல்லல் ஆகும் அன்னாய் (சொல்ல்லாம்.) • King kind go become, Madam • ‘Oh! Madam! One may reach the heart of the king’ (Aing. 25:4)

  13. Perhaps an advance search technique with many combinatory possibilities is needed to successfully derive all of the intended and unattested forms from all of the genres of Tamil language. • Sangam – Medieval - Modern is a naturally occurring continuum of language development. Without knowing what had/has been happening historically, one might jump to a conclusion that Tamil is the most complex language of the world 

  14. Conclusion • Tamil is the simplest, most comprehensible and a very logical language • It has an unique history with many colorful changes historically!

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