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Overview

Intro: fact and fiction What is science? What Science is not Stereotypes Myths. Assumptions of science Empricism Determinism parsimony Methods of Science Objectivity control Operational definition. Overview. FACT AND FICTION?. How about a little more credibility!. ???. Better?.

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Overview

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Intro: fact and fiction What is science? What Science is not Stereotypes Myths Assumptions of science Empricism Determinism parsimony Methods of Science Objectivity control Operational definition Overview

  2. FACT AND FICTION?

  3. How about a little more credibility!

  4. ???

  5. Better?

  6. TRUTH AT LAST?

  7. Credibility is good but… • It does not insure “truth.” • SCIENCE!..in the pursuit of truth!

  8. Does Science Equal Truth? • Jose Delgado

  9. A screening Process may be important!

  10. How do most Humans make their decisions about truth? • Tenacity • Authority • Intuition • Logic and rationalism

  11. Most of us have difficulties seeing errors in our thinking • “THE AXIOMS OF HUMAN BELIEF”

  12. Humans believe • Humans believe their belief is correct

  13. AXIOMS • When Challenged?

  14. How gullible are we? • Did Clinton Inhale? • Does nicotine cause addiction?

  15. AXIOMS • Humans jump to conclusions.

  16. Axioms • Simplify complex situations

  17. Axioms • Resist deep consideration

  18. Axioms • Vulnerable to perceptual and social illusion

  19. Axioms • Infinite capacity to be….

  20. Axioms • Difficulty identifying our own misconceptions. • So What can we do?

  21. Recognize the problems • We will not be able to approach truth without recognition of our limitations • Devise mechanisms that help reduce these problems.

  22. SCIENCE • What is Science? • Science is NOT….

  23. STEREOTYPES OF SCIENCE?

  24. Nerds?

  25. So what is Science? • METHOD! • A set of principles of observation, measurement and control that seek to uncover objective reality. • “Self-correcting”

  26. Assumptions of science • Truth will be revealed over time with the Scientific Method • Empiricism-consensual validation • Determinism • parsimony

  27. Overview of the Methods of Science • Objectivity • control • Operational definition • Probabilistic thinking • Amorality

  28. Goals of Science • Practicality • Describe • Predict • Understand • Control

  29. Characteristics of a Good Scientist? • ?

  30. THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE • Ideas • Problem Formation • Goal or Hypothesis • Design • Conduct/Collect • Analysis • Interpretation • Report • FEEDBACK

  31. IDEAS • Common observation • Logic • Practical problems • Intuition • Theory

  32. IDEAS cont’ • Theory • Explains • Simplifies • Unifies • interesting • Testable/falsifiable

  33. Theory vs Observational approaches • Deductive vs inductive reasoning • Not truly separable • Popular emphasis on deduction • But…. • Descriptive vs Inferential (experimental) Research

  34. Descriptive vs Experimental Research • Describing vs identifying causes • Consider reactivity and “control.”

  35. Descriptive Research • Poor or Less rigorous approaches: • Anecdotal observation • Case study • Systematic exploration

  36. Better approaches • Archival research • Where could we find meaningful records?

  37. Naturalistic observation • Naturalistic means unobtrusive • Technology • Distance observation • Concealment • Acclimatization/fade

  38. Naturalistic observation with Intervention • A standardized “naturalistic” event

  39. Naturalistic Observation-participant observer

  40. THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE • Ideas • Problem Formation • Goal or Hypothesis • Design • Conduct/Collect • Analysis • Interpretation • Report • FEEDBACK

  41. Which technique would you choose to study…say • Human sexual intimacy?

  42. Psychological Phenomena that are: • Private • Sensitive • Rare • internal

  43. SELF-REPORT approaches…….SURVEYS • What do we want to know • Construction • Questions • responses • Who do we want to know about -Administration • sampling

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