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Democratization

Democratization. In 1900, there were no states with universal adult suffrage--today more than half do. Huntington’s Waves of Democracy--first wave 1828-1926. Before WWI: U.S., Britain and settler colonies, France, Scandinavia, Italy, Argentina Then after WWI, post-Imperial Europe:

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Democratization

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  1. Democratization In 1900, there were no states with universal adult suffrage--today more than half do

  2. Huntington’s Waves of Democracy--first wave 1828-1926 • Before WWI: U.S., Britain and settler colonies, France, Scandinavia, Italy, Argentina • Then after WWI, post-Imperial Europe: • Weimar Germany, Poland, Austria, Baltics, Czechoslovakia, plus Spain, Chile

  3. First reverse wave 1922-42 • Fascism, Soviet expansion

  4. Second Wave 1943-62 • Fall of fascism • Germany, Italy, Austria, Japan • and many others--Korea, several in Latin America, India, Nigeria

  5. Second reverse wave 1958-1973 • tensions of cold war, failures of new democracies, one-party model, rise of “bureaucratic authoritarianism” • Greece, Turkey, Philippines, Korea, Indonesia, India, Africa, Latin America

  6. Third Wave--1974- • Last non-Communist European non-democracies fall--Spain, Portugal, Greece • Latin American non-democracies transition out • Asia--Taiwan, Korea, Philippines, India, etc. • Fall of Communism • South Africa, Nigeria

  7. Who left? • China and some of Asia • Most of Africa • Most Muslim nations

  8. What contributes to countries becoming democratic? • culture • education • wealth • --based on commerce and a middle class, not resources

  9. The End of History? • Communism, Fascism discredited • only democracy legitimate? • other possibilities? • Islamic fundamentalist? • Asian values? • community and family over individual • order and harmony over personal freedom • Is democracy a universal good?

  10. Putnam on Social Capital • measuring governmental effectiveness in Italy • wealth • education • social capital • same results in America--the heart of social capital • places/people with social capital are wealthier, healthier, happier, and more democratic • disappearance of social capital--Bowling Alone

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