The cell

1. I.P.S.I.A. “L. Zanussi” - Pordenone The cell CLIL PROJECT Subject: Science Author: Allida De Candido English teacher: Bruna Pavan School year: 2004/2005

2. Sommario Animal and plant cell 27 Similarities and differences 28 Comparing plant and animal cell 29 Cell like a busy factory 30 Departements and functions in the factory 31 Question loop 32 Final test 37 Glossary 38 Answers 41 Bibliography 51 Lesson plan pqg. 3 Procedure 5 Secret cell 7 Questions 8 Cells sizes 9 The words meaning 10 Differences between cells 11 How big are cells? 13 What are the correct definitions? 14 Relative sizes of cells A 15 Relative sizes of cells B 16 What else about cells? 17 What is there inside the cell? 18 Cellcrossword 24 Parts of the cell A 25 Parts of the cell B 26 Home

3. Lesson plan Objectives • Students will be able to: • describe the cell • use appropriate scientific terms for organelles and their functions • remember the names of the organelles • explain the resemblances and the differences between animal and plant cells • recognize animal and plant cells • know the importance of the cell Home Sommario

4. ContentsThe cell structure and function.A comparison between animal and plant cell.Grade levelIt may be adapted for use in a Vocational Training School for students beginning to study Biology.TimeApproximately 3 hours.ResourcesInternet site; school books. Home Sommario

5. Procedure The lesson will start with simple information about the cell: a)    all living organisms are made of one or more cells; b)    cell size. Open questions will get some information from the text . With looking up in the dictionary for specific words students will understand better their meaning. In picture1 the students can recognize the shape of different cells and in picture 2 they can see the various sizes of cells and their components. Finally to establish the students’ knowledge there is a chart to fill in with the given definitions. The next step is about what there is inside the cell, the names and the functions of the organelles. The students will be given a paper with all this information and matching halves phrases on the functions to get immediate feedback. With the filling of a crossword the students will be able to remember the names of organelles and their functions. A work in pairs is useful to fix the concepts. Home Sommario

6. The thirdstep is made to observe  the difference between plant and animal cells. Looking at Fig.3 the students will also see what animal and plant cells have in common and will be able to fill in the Venn diagram. Some questions about fig.3 are useful to observe and point out the similarities and the differences.In the fourthstep the student will consolidate and memorise the names of organelles, observing the picture and filling in the empty column.A game and a final test get students to revise all the lesson. Home Sommario

7. Secret cell Your body is made up of about 100 billion living cells. You can tell when they are alive because there are all sorts of chemical changes going on inside them. Every cell is like a tiny ball of jelly full of chemicals and it’s far too small to be seen without a microscope. In fact you can squeeze thousands of them into the full stop at the end of this sentence. Micron is the order size of the cell. Home Sommario

8. ? Questions Answer these questions: 1. What other definition of cell do you know? ------------------------------------------------------- 2. What instrument do you use for looking at cells? --------------------------------------------------------- 3. How many cells are there in your body? -------------------------------------------------------- 4. What happens inside the cell? --------------------------------------------------------- Home Sommario

9. Cells sizes Cells vary greatly in size. Most cannot be seen without a microscope, although a few varieties are visible to the naked eye. The diameter of an average animal cell is about 10 micrometers (or 0.01 millimetre) and of an average plant cell is about 100 micrometers (0,1 millimetre). Some cells are quite large. Eggs of animals are single cells before their development begins, and they are usually visible to the eye. Bacterial cells are very small, with diameters of only 0.35 to 0.40 micrometer, near the limit of resolution of an ordinary light microscope. Home Sommario

10. The words meaning Look up in the dictionary the meaning of these words: Size………………………………………………………………. Average………………………………………………………… Plant…………………………………………………………….. Animal………………………………………………………….. Development………………………………………………… Visible…………………………………………………………… Bacterial……………………………………………………………………….. Home Sommario

11. Differences between cells Fig.1 bacteria animal cell plant cell Home Sommario

12. The differences Complete the sentences with the given word: Bacterial cell is the ………………….. Plant cell is the ……………………… Animal cell is …………. than the bacterial cell, but ……………..than the animal cell smaller, smallest, biggest, bigger Home Sommario

13. How big are cells and their components? Fig. 2 Home Sommario

14. What are the correct definitions? Complete the chart using the given definitions: nanometre; electron microscope; between 10 and 100 ; light microscope; between 0.3 and 10 ; Home Sommario

15. A Relative sizes of cells Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions tofill the gaps in your worksheet. …………………microscope is an instrument for looking at the shape of cells. Electron microscope is an ……………………for looking inside the cell. There are three types of cells . One example of this is…………………… An animal cell is different from a plant cell in size and in …………………. Micron is the unit of measure of…………….. ……………………. is the unit of measure of ……………… and virus. The ……………….. of an average animal cell is about 10 micrometers. Most bacterial cells are very small, with diameters of only 0.35 to 0.40 micrometer, near the limit of resolution of an ordinary …………… ………………… Home Sommario

16. B Relative sizes of cells Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions tofill the gaps in your worksheet Light microscope is an …………………… for looking at the shape of the cells. …………………microscope is an instrument for looking inside the cell. There are three types of ……………….. One example of this is bacterium. An animal cell is different from a plant cell in ……………and in shape. ……………….. is the unit of measure of cells. Nanometre is the unit of measure of molecules and ………………….. The diameter of an average animal cell is about……………… Most ………………... cells are very small, with diameters of only 0.35 to 0.40 micrometer, near the ……………….of ………………….. of an ordinary light microscope. Home Sommario

17. Worksheet _________________ are the building blocks of life. A living thing is called an _______________________ All _____________are made up of cells. Living organisms are composed of one or more __________________ cells. Amoeba, Paramecium and Euglena are examples of _________________ cells. Plants and animals are __________________. Work Bank What else about cells ? microscopic multicellular cellsunicellular organism living things Home Sommario

18. What is there inside the cell? Inside the cell there is a secret world. There are many tiny objects called organelles which have a specific function. Nucleus It contains all the information needed to produce a new living cell. Home Sommario

19. Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes They produce substances (proteins). It is the place where ribosomes do their work. Home Sommario

20. Cytoplasm Mithocondria They turn glucose and oxygen into energy. Part of the cell where the chemical reactions take place. Home Sommario

21. Golgy body This system prepares proteins for use and export. Cell membrane • This structure controls • what passes in and out • the cell. Home Sommario

22. Vacuole It contains a solution of salt and sugar. It also gives thesupport to the cell. Cell wall vacuole It gives a plant cell strength and support. Cell wall Home Sommario

23.   Chloroplasts It contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the sun’s energy so that the plant can make its own food during photosynthesis. Home Sommario

24. Cellcrossword Down 1. It controls what substances pass in and out of the cell 2. It contains a solution of salt and sugar 3. It controls the activities 4. This is where the cell’s chemical reactions take place Home Sommario

25. Parts of the cell A Matching halves phrases A Work in pairs. Match one of the sentences from paper A with a sentences from paper B to form one complete sentence. 2. organelles are 3. mitochondria 1. multicellular organisms are composed of 8. plasma membrane is the place where 5. the organelle that controls all cell activity is 4. proteins are built in the 7. cytoplasm 9. a microscope 6. a Golgy body prepares proteins for 11. the photosynthesis is 10. the sun’s energy is absorbed by Home Sommario

26. Parts of the cell B Matching halves phrases B Work in pairs. Match one of the sentences from paper B with a sentences from paper A to form one complete sentence. produce energy contains the organelles nucleus minute structures inside a cell use and export a number of cells ribosomes cells make contact with the external environment enlarges the image of a cell a chemical reaction chlorophyll Home Sommario

27. Animal and plant cell The illustrations (Fig. 3) show some structures found in plant and animal cells. animal cell plant cell Nucleus Chloroplast Cell wall Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Nucleus Cell membrane Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Mitochondrion Golgi body Golgi body Home Sommario

28. ? Similarities and differences Look at Fig. 3 and answer these questions. 12. In which cell is there a big vacuole? ………………………………………………………………………………….. 13. Do you remember what it contains inside? ………………………………………………………………………………… 14. In which cell are vacuoles very big? …………………………………………………………………………………… 15. Have the cells got a cell membrane? ……………………………………………………………………………………16. Where is it located in the cell? …………………………………………………………………………………… 17. Is the animal cell surrounded by a wall? …………………………………………………………………………………… 18. Which cell breathes? …………………………………………………………………………………… 19. Which cell produces oxygen? ……………………………………………………………….. 20. Which cell produces food by itself? ………………………………………………………………………………… 21. With which colour is Golgy body represented in the picture? …………………………………………………………………………………… 22. Is this body found in both cells? ……………………………………………………………………………… 1. What is the nucleouslike? ………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. Which position does it occupy inside the animal cell? ………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Does it have a natural colour in the picture? …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. What does it contain inside? ……………………………………………………………………………………5. Which structure is it surrounded by? …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Are there mitochondriain both cells? …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Which shape have they got? …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. What are the things that you can see inside? …………………………………………………………………… 9. Are there chloroplasts in the plant cell? ………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Which colour do they have? …………………………………………………………………………………… 11. Is it their true color? Why? …………………………………………………………………………………… Home Sommario

29. Comparing plant and animal cells in common animal cell plant cell Animal and plant cells are the same in some ways. We say that they have some of the same features. Animal and plant cells are also different. Look at Fig 3 and try to spot the differences. Fill in the Venn diagram to compare a plant cell to an animal cell. Use the words in the word box. What's the most complicated cell? ______________________ It is because it produces oxygen and food (glucose) for all living things using the sunlight directly. The animal cell depends on the plant cell. Home Sommario

30. Cell like a busy factory Fig. 4 A cell can be thought as a factory with different departments where many activities take place. Look at Fig.4. Work in pairs and try to understand what happens in each department. Discuss with each other. Home Sommario

31. Departments and functions in the factory In the second column of the chart, write the name of the organelle connected with the factory activities described in the first column. Ribosomes Have you filled in the gaps!? If not, try again! This is another clue for you. Golgi body, Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondrion, Ribosomes Home Sommario

32. Question loop There are 25 strips of paper all different, each with a question and an answer. Print the pages and cut the strips. Hand out a strip to each student. Start the loop by getting one pupil to ask their question. Someone should recognize the correct answer and read it. Then they should read out their question and so on. Eventually the loop should return to the first person. Home Sommario

33. Question loop

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37. Final test Name_________________Date ______________ All living things are made up of_________________________ . The inside of a cell is____________________ which is jelly like. All cells have a _________________ which separates them from the outside world. Some organisms consist of only_____________ cell, like amoeba or bacteria. All cells contain ____________________for storing information. All cellscontain _________________ for building proteins. The _________________ prepares proteins for use and export. Plant cells have a group of green structures called________________ . They use the energy from the sun to make food. A ________________ organism is an animal cell that lives on its own, without other cells. 10. The mitochondria are often called the___________________ of the cell. Home Sommario

38. Glossary Home Sommario

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41. Answers Secret cell Cell is the smallest living part of an animal or a plant body I use a light microscope for looking at the shape of cells; I use electron microscope for looking inside the cell. There are about 100 billion cells in my body. Chemical changes happen inside the cell. Sizes of cells Size: measure Average: medium amount Plant: a living thing that grows in earth and has a stem, leaves and roots Animal:a living creature that is not a plant Development: a process of regulated growth and differentiation Bacterium: Extremely small, relatively simple prokaryotic microrganism The differences 1. Smallest 2. Biggest 3. Bigger 4. Smaller Home Sommario

42. What are the correct definitions? Relative sizes of cells A = underlinedB= in bold Light microscope is an instrument for looking at the shape of cells. Electron microscope is an instrument for looking inside the cell. There are three types of cells . One example of this is bacterium. An animal cell is different from a plant cell in size and in shape. Micron is the unit of measure of cells. Home Sommario

43. Nanometre is the unit of measure of molecules and virus. The diameter of an average animal cell is about 10 micrometers. Most bacterial cells are very small, with diameters of only 0.35 to 0.40 micrometer, near the limit of resolution of an ordinary light microscope. What else about cells? Cells are the building blocks of life. A living thing is called an organism.All living things are made up of cells. Living organisms are composed of one or more microscopic cells.Amoeba, Paramecium and Euglena are examples of unicellular cells. Plants and animals are multicellular. To remind the organelles Across: 5. Chloroplast; 6. Ribosome; 7. Mitochondrion. Down: 1. Cellmembrane; 2. Vacuole; 3. Nucleus; 4. Cytoplasm Parts of the cell A italic B bold 1. Multicellular organisms are composed of a number of cells 2. Organelles are minute structures inside a cell 3. Mitochondria produce energy Home Sommario

44. 4. Proteins are built in the ribosomes5. The organelle that controls all cell activitynucleus6. Golgy body prepares proteins foruse and export7. Cytoplasm contains the organelles8. Plasma membrane is the place where cells make contact with the external environment9. A microscopeenlarges the image of a cell10. The sun’s energy is absorbed bychlorophyll11. Photosynthesis isa chemical reaction Home Sommario

45. Similarities and differences 12. There is a big vacuole in theplant cell. 13. It contains inside a solution of water, salts and sugar. 14. They are very big in the plant cell. 15. Both cells have a cell membrane. 16. It’s located at the periphery of the cell and envelops it and contain the cytoplasm. 17. No it isn’t. The plant cell is surrounded by a wall . 18.Both cellsbreathe. 19.Plant cell produces oxygen. 20. The plant cell produces food by itself. Because of this its name is autotrophic. 21. Golgy body is pink in the picture. 22. Yes, it is in both cells. 1. The nucleous shape is round. 2. It occupies a central position inside the animal cell. 3. No,because it is transparent. To see it you needcolouring. 4. It contains DNA, the genetic material. 5. It is surrounded by endoplasmic reticulum. 6. Yes, there are mithochondria in both cells. 7. They have got an extended shape. 8. You can see some membrane foldings. 9. Yes, in the plantcell there are chloroplasts. 10. They are green. 11. This is a true color for the presence of chlorophyll. Home Sommario

46. in common Comparing the plant and animal cell plant cell animal cell Cell Membrane Mitochondria Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosoma Cell wall Chloroplast Vacuole What's the most complicated cell? Plant cell

47. Question loop

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50. Final test • All living things are made up of cells. • The inside of a cell is cytoplasm which is jelly like. • All cells have a cell membrane, which separates them from the outside world. • Some organisms consist of only one cell, like amoeba or bacteria. • All cells contain nucleus for storing information. • All cells contain ribosomes for building proteins. • The Golgy body prepares proteins for use and export. • Plant cells have a group of green structures called chloroplasts. They use the energy from the Sun to make food. • A unicellular organism is an animal cell that lives on its own, without other cells. • 10. The mitochondria are often called the power plant of the cell. Home Sommario