Chapter 9: U.S. Builds Its Own Nation (1817-1825)

1. Chapter 9: U.S. Builds Its Own Nation (1817-1825) Jennifer Bosch Period 3

2. Key Figures • James Monroe • From the Virginia Dynasty presidents • President from 1817-1825 • Won due to fade of the Federalists presidents • Created the Era of Good Feelings • John Marshall • chosen for the Supreme Court in 1800 by Federalist President Adams • decisions made in his cases heavily influenced the central government because he favored the central government over individual states’ rights • Andrew Jackson • In this chapter, he was simply a general that went into the territory of Florida to get it from Spain • Henry Clay • Leader of House of Representatives from Kentucky • Proposed American system which boomed American economy

3. Major Events • The Era of Good Feelings • Monroe proposed his system to better the economy and nation as a whole • Causes: • no more heavy opposition of political parties • people were feeling nationalistic & positive in every sense • Effects: • Cultural nationalism: new generation focused on their prosperity & also focused more on the arts (very nationalistic) • Economic nationalism: • Protected U.S. from Europe competition • Transportation building

4. Major Events Continued • The Panic of 1819 • First main political crisis in the U.S. • Causes: • Tightened credit to balance the amount of inflation • Banks couldn’t manage to do this anymore, so they closed • Effects: • Nationalism died • Money deflated • Large increases in unemployment • Banks closed • People in the west were in more trouble because they money and land they bought was lost • Political views in the West changed • People in the west started to reform land • Went against the national bank and debtor’s prisoners

5. Major Events Continued • The Monroe Doctrine • U.S. policy implemented by Monroe towards Europe & Latin America • This plan said: • No colonization by any other foreign country • U.S. couldn’t interfere with any of the foreign affairs • Causes: • Too many problems going on in Europe countries that threatened U,S.’s economy, so Monroe introduced the plan • Effects: • Europe was mad • Influenced later presidents to propose this plan in their own manner to protect the U.S. from foreign issues.

6. Major Legislation • Tariff of 1816 • Many manufacturing factories were opening up in 1816 (after the war of 1812), and the Congress saw future British competition if no action was taken • Congress raised the taxes to protect American manufacturers • Important because it avoided British competition and protected the jobs of the American manufacturers • Affected the jobs of the manufacturers in a good way to protect them • New England was the first and only to oppose this tariffs because they had little manufacturing • South & West went for them because they thought it would prosper the national economy.

7. Important Documents • The Missouri Compromise • When Missouri wanted to become a state, it worried everyone because it would unbalance the equal distribution between the 11 free states and 11 slave states • Everyone wanted to see what could be done in order to maintain this balance of free and slave states • Tallmadge amendment (by Tallmadge) did influence the Missouri Compromise because it influenced Clay’s Proposal which was the biggest factor in the compromise • Clay’s proposals (by Clay), the president ended up agreeing and signing the Missouri Compromise • Important because it kept the balance of the states & let nation mature about this issue, but it created sectionalism.

8. Important Documents Continued • Missouri Compromise Affected who? • Tallmadge amendment: • No more slaves in Missouri • Good for slaves • Children of Missouri slaves had to be free by the age of 25 • Good for the children because it created some hope of being free when turning 25 • Did nothing for the parents • Eventually would’ve ended slavery in Missouri • That’s why it wasn’t adapted because it would throw off balance of free and slave states • Clay’s proposals: • Could have slaves • Bad for slaves • Maine had to become a free state • Good for slaves • Everything north of 36° 30´ (Louisiana Territory) was slave holding • Bad for slaves

9. Important Court Case • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) • Court said federal government could contract a bank, but a state couldn’t tax it • Marshall stated that indirect powers without state interference allowed by the Constitution

10. References • Divine, R. A., Breen, T. H., Fredrickson, G. M., Williams, R. H., & Gross, A. J. (2010). America past and present, combined volume. (Ninth ed., pp. 212-233). Boston: Prentice Hall. • Mintz, S. (2010, December 07). The era of good feelings. Retrieved from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=567 • Newman, J., & Schmalbach, J. (2010). Preparing for the advanced placement examination, united states history. (Second Edition ed., pp. 140-156). New York: Amsco School Publications. • United states history. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h255.html • Us History. (n.d.). United states history. Retrieved from http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h43.html