Recite a prayer…(15 seconds)

1. Recite a prayer…(15 seconds)

2. ATM TOPIC INTRODUCTION TO AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT,TYPE OF CONTROL AREAS & FLIGHT PLAN AERODROME CONTROL AREA CONTROL APPROACH CONTROL --------------------------------------mid-term test------------------------------ 5. FLIGHT RULES –IFR 6. VISUAL FLIGHT RULE-VFR 7. RADIO TELEPHONY COMMUNICATION THE LET DOWN PROCEDURE -------------------------------------Final exam-----------------------------------

3. CHAPTER 3:AREA CONTROL Sub-topic 1.Area Control 2.Flight information region 3.Responsibility of area controller 4. En-route clearance 5. Transfer or hand-off 6. Separation 7. Types of restriction 8.Q-bank

5. Chapter 3:AREA CONTROL

6. CHAPTER 2:AREA CONTROL

11. CHAPTER 3:AREA CONTROL Sub-topic 1.Area Control 2.Flight information region 3.Responsibility of area controller 4. En-route clearance 5. Transfer or hand-off 6. Separation 7. Types of restriction 8.Q-bank

12. ~~What is the AREA CONTROL?~~ ~~The facility established to provide air traffic control service to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans within controlled airspace, principally during the en route phase of flight.~~ FAA definition….

13. CHAPTER 3:AREA CONTROL Or in other word… ~~Area Control (ACC) owns all airspace within his Flight Information Region (FIR) that is not controlled by any APP or TWR.~~ ~~ACC (CTR) controls the aircraft while (over flying) en route or climbing or descending from or into an airfield situated in its Flight Information Region (FIR).~~ ~~cover from 9000 ft to 46000 ft

14. Cruise / En-route Climb Descend Preflight & Take-off Approach And Landing

15. CHAPTER 3:AREA CONTROL Sub-topic 1.Area Control 2.Flight information region 3.Responsibility of area controller 4. En-route clearance 5. Transfer or hand-off 6. Separation 7. Types of restriction 8.Q-bank

16. CHAPTER 3:AREA CONTROL ~~What is the Flight information region?~~ FIR is an aviation term used to describe airspace with specific dimensions, in which a flight information service and an alerting service are provided.

19. CHAPTER 3:AREA CONTROL Sub-topic 1.Area Control 2.Flight information region 3.Responsibility of area controller 4. En-route clearance 5. Transfer or hand-off 6. Separation 7. Types of restriction 8.Q-bank

20. Chapter 3:Area Control Basically the job of an Area Controller exist of three main points of attention: 1. Traffic flying in between these entries and exits 2.Traffic entering his area3. Traffic leaving his area

21. CHAPTER 2:AERODROME CONTROL

22. Chapter 3:Area Control In between Entry and Exit 1. To guide safely the traffic between the entry and the exit. Needs to have a working plan. 2 Factors like a different rate of climb the expected or a sudden interruption by another pilot influence the execution of the plan. Therefore a constant update is inevitable. Separation techniques used are specific, since at higher altitudes aircraft behave differently. Higher speeds and thus slower reactions. 4 Simply said, be prepared, constantly for the next step not to lose the overall view. Realize that a big area means different problems at different sides of the screen.

23. Chapter 3:Area Control Basically the job of an Area Controller exist of three main points of attention: 1. Traffic flying in between these entries and exits 2.Traffic entering his area3. Traffic leaving his area

24. CHAPTER 2:AERODROME CONTROL

25. Chapter 3:Area Control Entry While entering the area the controller has to understand as quickly as possible what the newtraffic situation is and where the new traffic shall go to. What will be his routing and what does he have to do with it? Is it an inbound that has to descent? or Is it an over flight?

26. Chapter 3:Area Control Basically the job of an Area Controller exist of three main points of attention: 1. Traffic flying in between these entries and exits 2.Traffic entering his area3. Traffic leaving his area

27. CHAPTER 2:AERODROME CONTROL

28. Chapter 3:Area Control Exit While exiting the area the controller has to arrange for a proper separation, not only between the leaving traffic, but in respect of his own traffic as well. He has to respect the Letter of Agreement (LoA) with the neighboring unit. Simply said: He has to deliver the traffic "clean" to the next unit.

29. Chapter 3:Area Control Area Controller Responsibility cont….. The Area Controller handles all the traffic in the controlled airspace of an Flight Information Region (FIR), that is not controlled by any other ATC unit. He is responsible for separation between aircraft during en-route descent, climb-out and overflying the controlled area.

31. CHAPTER 3:AREA CONTROL Sub-topic 1.Area Control 2.Flight information region 3.Responsibility of area controller 4. En-route clearance 5. Transfer or hand-off 6. Separation 7. Types of restriction 8.Q-bank

32. Chapter 3:Area Control En-route clearance The initial clearance is the en-route clearance. After proper identification, the pilot will receive: 1.The clearance to either maintain his actual flight level and continue on his cleared flight plan route, 2.Or the clearance to continue, but to expect initial descent soon for an adjacent destination. Adjacent to the actual control area.

33. CHAPTER 3:AREA CONTROL Sub-topic 1.Area Control 2.Flight information region 3.Responsibility of area controller 4. En-route clearance 5. Transfer or hand-off 6. Separation 7. Types of restriction 8.Q-bank

34. Chapter 3:Area Control Transfer or hand-off All en-route, climbing and descending traffic will be transferred well before the Transfer of Control Point, normally before or the latest at the Transfer of Communications Point. Specific level or speed restrictions may apply.

35. CHAPTER 3:AREA CONTROL Sub-topic 1.Area Control 2.Flight information region 3.Responsibility of area controller 4. En-route clearance 5. Transfer or hand-off 6. Separation 7. Types of restriction 8.Q-bank

36. Chapter 3:Area Control Separation ~~In controlled airspace, ATC separates aircraft that are flying in the same area by keeping them at such distances from each other, so the risk of colliding is reduced.~~ There are two types of separation: Horizontal separation Vertical separation

37. Chapter 3:Area Control ~~What is horizontal separation?~~ Horizontal separation is the minimum distance that must exist between aircraft flying at the same level. This can be achieved either: longitudinally (by spacing aircraft behind each other at a specified distance) or laterally (by spacing aircraft side by side, but again at a specified distance from each other) The minimum required horizontal distance between aircraft at the same level is 5 Nautical Miles (NM) in general. Other distances may be accepted in particular circumstances.

38. Chapter 3:Area Control ~~What is vertical separation?~~ Vertical separation is the minimum vertical distance that is needed between aircraft that fly within a range of each other that is less than the required minimum horizontal distance. Vertical separation is established by making aircraft fly at different Altitudes or Flight Levels. The required minimum separation can be 500 feet, 1000 feet or 2000 feet.

40. CHAPTER 3:AREA CONTROL Sub-topic 1.Area Control 2.Flight information region 3.Responsibility of area controller 4. En-route clearance 5. Transfer or hand-off 6. Separation 7. Types of restriction 8.Q-bank

41. Chapter 3:Area Control ~~Types of restrictions~~ Due to a specific activity (such as military flights, low level corridors for military jets, flight training, protection of historic buildings, satellite communication centers, nuclear power plants...), some areas receive a special status. 

45. Chapter 3:Area Control • These special areas are identified by of a group of letters and figures as follows: • a letter: • D for danger area • R for restricted area • P for prohibited area

46. Chapter 3:Area Control Danger areas - D : An airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times. It remains at the discretion of the pilot to decide whether or not he can face the risk with a reasonable degree of certainty that it will not have serious consequences for his flight.

48. Chapter 3:Area Control Restricted areas - R : • An airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial water, within which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. • Pilots to decide whether or not they want to expose themselves to such risk.

50. Chapter 3:Area Control Prohibited areas - P : • An airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial water, within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. • The prohibited area is completely forbidden to aircraft.