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World War I the Great War the War of End All Wars July 1914- Nov 1918

World War I the Great War the War of End All Wars July 1914- Nov 1918. Snoopy and the Red Baron. The Great War .

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World War I the Great War the War of End All Wars July 1914- Nov 1918

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  1. World War Ithe Great Warthe War of End All WarsJuly1914- Nov 1918 Snoopy and the Red Baron

  2. The Great War • “We wake up in the middle of the night. The earth booms. Heavy fire is falling on us. We crouch into corners. We distinguish shells of every caliber. The dug out heaves, the night roars and flashes” - soldier of the Great War

  3. War clouds gather “We don’t want to fight, but by jingo, if we do. We’ve got the ships, we’ve got the men, and got the money too! – English music hall singer • Nationalism • Pride in one’s country • “Jingoism” – extreme patriotism • Flourished in Europe in during the 1800s • Created tension between European nations • German and France over the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War • Italy and Austria-Hungary over millions of Italians living in the Austria-Hungary empire • Serbs and Austria-Hungary many Serbs living in Austria-Hungary empire wanted to join with independent Serbia

  4. Imperialism • Colonial rivalries • Early 1900 European nations scrambled for colonies in Africa and Asia • European competing spheres of influences were a continuing sources of irritation

  5. Militarism • Nations of Europe took steps to prepare for war • Military spending jumped 300% • European nations competed for power and prestige by enlarging their armies and navies • German and Britain competed for naval superiority • Britain wanted her navy to be more powerful than others • Germany began to build ups its navy German U-Boat World War I

  6. Secrete Alliances • Triple Alliance • By Otto von Bismarck • Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy • When war begins Italy would not stay – joins with Allies in exchange for the promise of land • When war begins Ottoman Empire will join hoping to maintain its empire • Triple Entente • France, Russia and Great Britain • False sense of security – lead them to believe that they could avoid a major war • When war broke out • Triple Alliance became known as Central powers • Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire • Triple Entente became known as the Allies • France, Great Britain, Russia later the US

  7. The Spark • The Powder Keg of Europe • The Balkans • Austria Hungary controlled much of the Balkans • An area in south-east Europe • Ethnic Serbs in Austria-Hungary wanted to join with independent Serbia • Assassination of the archduke of Austria Hungary in Sarajevo

  8. The Assassination • Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary went to visit Sarajevo • Archduke and his wife, Sophia, were driving through the streets • A bomb exploded so the route had to be changed • Driver began to back the car up • GavriloPincip a member of the Black Hand stepped out and killed the archduke and his wife

  9. The Outbreak of War • Austria- Hungry blames Serbia • Gets message from Germany that Germany will back Austria-Hungry if war comes • Known as German’s Blank Check • With this backing sends Serbia an ultimatum • Serbia cannot meet all of the demands • unsatisfied with Serbia's response to her ultimatum declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914.

  10. Russia bound by treaty to Serbia mobilization of its army in her defense a slow process that would take around six weeks to complete. The Enemy is at the Gate

  11. Germany allied to Austria-Hungary by treaty viewed the Russian mobilization as an act of war against Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia on 1st of August

  12. France bound by treat to Russia war against Germany and, by extension, on Austria-Hungary Germany invaded neutral Belgium so as to reach Paris by the shortest possible route. The French Infantry in the Battle

  13. Britain allied to France declared war against Germany on 4th of August obligated to defend neutral Belgium by the terms of a 75-year old treaty  

  14. With Britain's entry her colonies and dominions abroad offered military and financial assistance Australia India Canada New Zealand Union of South Africa Canadian Propaganda Poster

  15. Japan honoring a military agreement with Britain Declared war on Germany on 23 August 1914 Two days later Austria-Hungary responded by declaring war on Japan

  16. Italy committed to defend Germany and Austria-Hungary only in the event of a 'defensive' war; arguing that their actions were 'offensive' declared instead a policy of neutrality The following year joined the conflict on the side of the Allies

  17. German Plan • Schlieffen Plan • Hold off Russia • Defeat France by going through Belgium • Turn and defeat Russia • German Leader • Keiser Wilhelm II • German General • Hindenburg

  18. French Plan • Hold off the German advance • Break the German lines

  19. Two armies meet on the Western FrontTrench WarfareNo Man’s Landarea between each sides trenchesmilitary leaders sent boys up over the trench's“go over the top”charges ended in high number of deathline moved only yards – if at all – bloody stalemate

  20. Trench Warfare • Characteristics of Trench Warfare • Charges ended in a high number of death • Line moved over a few yards – if at all • Method of fighting on the Western Front • Filth, lice, rats, polluted water, dysentery • Lack of sleep – due to bombing • “shell Shock” – emotional collapse • Trench foot – rotten toes and feet • Trench mouth – infection of the gums and throat

  21. Fighting on the Eastern Front • No trench warfare here • Front much larger than the western front • Baltic Sea to the Black Sea • Russia army suffered from appalling lack of supplies and poor leadership • Some had no weapons • Battle of Tannenburg German destroyed Russian armies • Russians never again threatened Germany • Revolution in Russia pulls Russia out of the war in March 1917 • Lenin takes over in Nov 1917

  22. United States • President Woodrow Wilson declared absolute neutrality • Divided loyalties at home • Socialist saw war as capitalist struggle • Pacifists against war • Conscientious objector • Americans still had relatives in old country • US goes to war • Freedom of seas/right to trade • German use of U-boats • Lusitania • Make the world safe for Democracy • When Russia pulled out in March 1917 • Ensure Allied repayment • Over act • Zimmermann Note • Sinking of more US merchant ships On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany.  Congress declared war on April 6, 1917.

  23. Zimmermann Note STRICTLY SECRET. DECODE YOURSELF WE INTEND TO BEGIN UNRESTRICTED U-BOAT WARFARE ON FEBRUARY FIRST. EFFORT WILL BE MADE NOTWITHSTANDING THIS TO KEEP THE UNITED STATES NEUTRAL. IN THE EVENT THAT WE SHOULD NOT BE SUCCESSFUL IN THIS, WE PROPOSE ALLIANCE TO MEXICO UPON THE FOLLOWING BASIS: TO MAKE WAR TOGETHER; MAKE PEACE TOGETHER; GENEROUS FINANCIAL SUPPORT; AND AGREEMENT ON OUR PART THAT MEXICO SHALL RECONQUER THE FORMERLY LOST TERRITORY IN TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA. ARRANGEMENT OF DETAILS TO BE LEFT TO YOUR HONOR. YOU SHOULD DISCLOSE THE FOREGOING TO THE PRESIDENT [OF MEXICO] IN STRICT SECRECY AS SOON AS OUTBREAK OF WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES IS CERTAIN AND ADD THE PROPOSAL [THAT HE SHALL) INVITE JAPAN TO IMMEDIATE SPONTANEOUS CONCURRENT EFFORT AND AT THE SAME TIME USE HIS GOOD OFFICES BETWEEN US AND JAPAN. PLEASE CALL THE PRESIDENT'S ATTENTION TO THE FACT THAT THE RUTHLESS EMPLOYMENT OF OUR U-BOATS OFFERS THE PROSPECT OF FORCING ENGLAND IN A FEW MONTHS TO [MAKE] PEACE. ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT. ZIMMERMANN..

  24. US Declare War • In April 1917 • President Wilson • Entered the war to help pave the way for a future order of peace and freedom for all • America goes to war in World War I: A Crash Course in US History • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y59wErqg4Xg

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