E in E & E Electro-Technology In Energy & Environment

1. E in E & EElectro-Technology In Energy & Environment Prof. Dr. Adel M. Sharaf, P.Eng, SM IEEE UNB, ECE-Department, Fredericton, NB, Canada

2. Outline • Title • Summary • Environmental & Environmental Engineering Technologies • Environmental-Interactions & Requirements • Electro technology • Promotional Activities • Methodology & Approach • Planned Research Activities • Dr .Sharaf -Research Activities • Current Research • Sample Presentations

3. Environment-Triangle Engineering Economics Science Environmental Engineering & Technology is the Science and Engineering of novel mitigation techniques & tools, Remediation Technology & Standards for :

4. Recycle & Reuse and Reduce • Efficient Utilization of Natural Resources including Alternate/Renewable Energy Sources • Optimized designs, Management Tools and Standards to prolong life cycle, safety and prevent pollution in water, Air and soil. • Ensure Personal Safety to personnel and live stock. • Reduce waste and especially hazardous waste • Enhance quality of living by reducing Environmental/Safety hazards, Noise and all forms of pollution & Contaminations. • Sustainable Development and Green/Conservation Products.

5. Environmental-Interactions & RequirementsAreas:[Mining /Oil & Gas/ Soil Remediation/Transportation /Waste Management/Pollution Abatement] A Balanced Soil Water Animals Humans B Harmonious D Diverse Plants Insects Energy Air C Clean

6. Electro-technology The applications of Electrical Engineering Principles and Phenomena in process industries: Heating, Cooling, processing, smelting and Environmental pollution abatement Systems& Devices with specific concern to the following 1. Electrical Power Efficiency and Energy Conservation 2. Renewable energy systems (Wind, Photo-voltaic, Fuel Cell, Small Hydro, Hybrid,…..) & utilization and use in Remote/Isolated Communities. 3. Applications of Electromagnetic (EM) and Electrostatic (ES) fields in process stabilization, Disinfection, Odor control, Gaseous absorption, Anomaly / Fault / failure, detection using Electrical Signature FFT Tools, Eddy- Current Mapping/ FFT-Wavelets & Neural Network Mapping & Identification technologies.

7. 4. Application of AI based-Soft Computing Technologies (ANN, Fuzzy, Neuro-Fuzzy and Genetic Algorithms in Fault /Anomaly Detection, Relaying, Control and Safety. 5.Electric Grid Utility Systems :Voltage and Frequency (FACTS-Based) Stabilization, Blackout-Security and Power Quality PQ Enhancement

8. Promotional Activities

9. Approach • Student-Annual Environmental design Competition • National International Collaborative Research • Networks of excellence • Seminar U/G Environmental Design projects • Competing in National & International Competitions in Energy & Environmental NRC (Energy Ambassadors) !! Green-Plug-Winner, OTTAWA 2005 • Interfaculty (Science & Engineering) Collaborative Research • Innovative-Teaching by Using Current Research in Teaching !!

10. Specialized Courses & ProgramsC. Courses “ Environmental Engineering & Technology” Based on • Case Studies • Invited Guest- Seminars & Lectures • Project Based Learning -PBL

11. D. M.Eng / M.Sc. & Research Collaboration • Inter-diciplinary / Multi-diciplinary /Inter-Faculty/Inter-Departmental Research • (M.Eng /M.Sc) Program in Environmental Engineering & Technology

12. Environmental Engineering/TechnologyPromotion Methodology & Approach 1. Creation of Student-Environmental Innovation Club (SEIC) 2. Annual Green Environmental student Competition 3. Joint Interfaculty Engineering & Science Research using Joint Senior Thesis projects & Co-Supervision of Graduate students 4. Joint Business, Industry and Electric Utility sponsored Value-Added Research. 5. Short-Term Environmental Consulting Services-Office (CESO) • National and International Collaborative Research , Research links, Bi-lateral International Research Agreements. • Joint International Educational Programs & Initiatives (AL-AHRAM-Cairo-CUC, Middle East, S.E. Asia)

13. Planned Research Activities (1) Electricity Power/Energy Conservation & Demand Side Management. (2) AI-Based Fault Detection and Relaying Protection and Safety Schemes (3) Harmonic/Noise Mitigation and Power Quality Enhancement (4) Applications of Ripple orthogonal Pulsating and Rotating Electromagnetic & Electrostatic fields in:- (a) Germicidal control, sterilization, and Disinfection (Water, Milk, liquids, Hospital, hazardous waste,…) (b) Zeolite-Enhanced Gaseous-adsorption and Odor control using Air Filters and Muffler systems.

14. (c) Sick Building mitigation and air filter- systems (d) Efficient Electro-technology based heating (Resistive, inductive, arc,…) systems 5. Renewable/ alternative dispersed standalone, hybrid and Grid-interconnected electric energy supply systems using wind, small hydro, photovoltaic, fuel cell, Micro Gas turbine, Hybrid Systems. 6. Intelligent Electric Arc/ Fire Detection and Relaying Schemes using harmonic FFT finger printing and Electric Signature Analysis ESA Tools ( for Buildings, commercial Installation, Mining process industries and low- voltage Electric Grid systems..

15. 7.Large Machinery/Motorized and Electromechanical Vibration/shaft Monitoring and anomaly/failure/fault diagnostics using ANN-Based nonlinear pattern recognition mapping and vector transformations wavelets, Short Term FFT, Inverse-Cosine, Temporal, Statistical and Abduction Rules. 8. Active Traffic & Machinery Noise Cancellation in Roads & Buildings 9. Intelligent Fuzzy logic based decision Making Software. 10. Applications of Ground Resistance spectra Scans and Electromagnetic field penetration Mapping in personnel Land-Mine detection & other Archeological Site-Detection

16. Dr. A. M. Sharaf ‘s: Current Research Activities 1.The Green Plug & Smart power Filters and Energy Misers/Economics 2. Wind-Utilization schemes 3. Photovoltaic Utilization schemes 4. FACTS Based stabilization Devices For Electric utility Grid Systems 5. Bio-Filter Using (EM/EM/ES/UV) 6. The Electric-Foot-Generator (EFG) 7. Arc Fault-HIF Detection and fire sentry Relaying Systems • Zeolite-Gaseous Adsorption & Odor control • NG/PEM-fuel cell Efficiency Enhancement Using (LF/HF)Ripple Electromagnetic Reformer and Cell Polarization filters • Efficient Hydrogen Based Hybrid Technology-Storage/Reformer/Fuel Cell (Hydrogen/PV/Wind/Fuel Cells / Micro-Gas turbines)

17. Electrostatic/Electromagnetic Bio-Filter-A for Airborne Contaminant DisinfectionBased on initial design by Dr. Adel M. Sharaf Prof. Dr. Adel M. Sharaf, SM IEEE

18. Summary • Background • Methodology • Electrostatic Method • Electromagnetic Method • Work Completed • Work Remaining

19. Background • Reasons for This Project • growing concern for indoor air quality (e.g. mold, smoke) • allergies, asthma, other respiratory problems • disease control • threat of biological terrorism, (e.g. Anthrax)

20. Background • Goal of the Project • Design and construct a bio-filter using the combined orthogonal electromagnetic and electrostatic principle developed by Dr. Sharaf for his Portable Water Germicidal Unit. (Patent Pending)

21. Background HPAC Engineering , January 2002 (http://www.arche.psu.edu/iec/abe/pubs/foam.pdf)

22. Methodology • Electrostatic Component • Process commonly referred to as “Electrostatic Precipitation” or “Electronic Air -Cleaning” • 2-stage process; charging stage and collection stage • Effective in filtering particles form .01 to 10 microns • Process consumes relatively low power

23. Methodology

24. Methodology • Airborne molecules collide with negative ions

25. Methodology • Airborne molecules acquire a negative net charge and collect on the positively charged plate

26. Methodology • Electromagnetic Component • FDA study in 2000 demonstrated that Bacteria/Cysts/micro Living Cells could be destroyed by an Oscillating or Pulsing Magnetic Field at a given Strength & frequency!! • Depends on pulsing-frequency, magnetic field strength, and duration/length of pulses. • Pulsed magnetic fields will be generated using electromagnetic Magnet-Coils.

27. Methodology B • Leading theory states that a PMF can loosen the covalent bonds between ions and proteins in microorganisms. • Ions move in a circular path when entering a perpendicular magnetic field. • This Ion- motion causes the protein molecules and other-ions to oscillate and eventually break the covalent bonds that bind them.

28. Methodology Initial Design (DESIGNED BY DR. SHARAF)

29. Methodology Initial Design (DESIGNED BY DR. SHARAF)

30. Methodology B • E = V/d KV/m • E is a function of the Electric Potential divided by the distance between the plates. E Orthogonal Electric and Magnetic Fields

31. Methodology Cross-section of a finite solenoid Magnetic flux density B along the axis of finitely long solenoid. Inductance of a solenoid

32. Methodology • Quick-Field Software-Simulations • 2-D finite element analysis-FEM program (free student edition) • Electrostatic simulations based on Poisson’s Equation • Magnetic simulations are based on vector Poisson’s Equation

33. Work Completed • Researched several methods of airborne filtration and disinfection including electrostatic and electromagnetic methods. • Simulated magnetic and electric field strengths of the design elements using Quick-Field software. • Initiated the design of dual frequency triggering circuits for electromagnetic Magnet-Coils.

34. Work Remaining-SEE PART B • Complete design-Simulations to determine selection of ferrite cores, and placement of field intensifier-Magnetic collector Plates. • Design of High Voltage Source (Cockroft-Walton Voltage- Multiplier Circuit.) • Construction of the First-Prototype. • Testing (possibly at NRC, UL or New Brunswick-RPC testing facilities.)

35. References • 1.)    Hofmann, G.A. 1985. Deactivation of microorganisms by an oscillating magnetic field. U.S. Patent 4,524,079. • 2.)    Moore, R.L. 1979. Biological effects of magnetic fields. Studies with microorganisms. Can. J. Microbiol., 25:1145-1151. • 3.)    Kinetics of Microbial Inactivation for Alternative Food Processing Technologies . U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Available: URL http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/ift-omf.html. Last accessed 10 February 2004 • 4.)    Gary Wade and Rifetech. (1998). EXCITING POSSIBILITIES IN PULSED INTENSE MAGNETIC FIELD THERAPY. Rife Healing Energy. Available: URL http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/ift-omf.html. Last accessed 10 February 2004. • 5.)    Aerobiological Engineering: Electrostatic Precipitation. The Pennsylvania State University Aerobiological Engineering. Available: URL http://www.arche.psu.edu/iec/abe/electro.html. Last accessed 10 February 2004. • 6.)    What is an Ionizer. What is an Ionizer. Available: URL http://www.ionizer.com.my/What_is_ionizer.htm. Last accessed 10 February 2004.

36. QUESTIONS ??

37. A EM/EM/ES Ripple Frequency Excited Gasous -Adsorption Zeolite Muffler-Air Filters. Prof. Dr. Adel Sharaf

38. Objective: • Gaseous Adsorption using natural /Synthetic Zeolites for (CO,CO2,NOx,SO2) &Possibly VOC- Volatile- Organic Compounds

39. Device : • Based on Dr.Adel Sharaf Design of Three/Four–Axis EM/EM/EM/ES Electromagnetic & Electrostatic Ripple Field -Excitation

40. Introduction to control Gaseous emission control: Atmospheric Emission Control Activities • Air toxic pollutants • Fine particulates-Smog • Flue gas conditioning for enhanced particulate control • Fine particulate control • Hot-gas cleaning • Acid–gas emission control • Fuel and sorbent characterization • VOC-Adsorption • Waste utilization and and disposal • Fuel conditioning • Land-Fill Odor Emission Control(DALHOUSIE/ACOA-AIF)

41. 1.2 Zeolite Compounds: • Zeolite powder crystals are used in the chemical process industry as filters, and chemical agents and adsorbents.Zeolite crystals are often used as chemical sieves to filter specific molecular compounds selectively • Zeolite are also used in ODOR-Control in Land - Fill sites. • Zeolites are used extensively in Petroleum Refinery & other Chemical Process.

42. Zeolite Compounds: • Consumption • Zeolites are found in abundance throughout the world…. However, the value of the synthetic zeolites sold is far higher…. Many of the uses for natural zeolites are environmentally related. • Detergent –Cleaning Industries • Health and Safety • Far and away, the largest outlet for zeolite volume is the global laundry detergent market. By the end of 1992 [it was expected that the world would] be consuming detergent zeolite (zeolite A) at the rate of 1.44 million - metric tons per year. Unlike phosphates, zeolite A- cannot contribute to the pollution of lakes, streams or bays....

43. Zeolite Compounds: • Zeolites possess high adsorption capacity, undergo reversible adsorption/desorption, and are structurally stable. • These properties enable zeolite to be used in solar-powered refrigerators and to store energy during off-peak periods and release it during peak periods. Zeolites can also be used in refrigeration and air cooling systems to reduce water in the air to very low concentrations, allowing very effective evaporation.

44. Zeolite Molecular Sieve • GRACE Davison---- zeolite molecular sieves are characterized by the following properties: • 1. Selective adsorption due to the uniform pore size of the zeolite structure • 2.High adsorption capacity for polar substances at low concentrations • Industrial Products: Absorbents for oil and spills • Gas separations • Radioactive Waste, Site remediation/decontamination • Catalytic-Treatment • Natural zeolites are being used to treat low and intermediate aqueous waste: • Nuclear waste treatment: British Nuclear Fuels in Great Britain, West Valley Nuclear and Date Ridge National Laboratory. Natural zeolite has been used in the clean-up at Three- Mile Island, USA and Chernobyl-Disaster, Ukraine.

45. Zeolite Are : • Zeolites can be manufactured in robust small- granules which can be placed on a metal mesh0 conveyer belt which would, at some predetermined interval, refresh itself with a new load of zeolite granules. • Zeolites tend to provide zero- release for the entire period that they are adsorbing SO2.

46. Chemical Compound: Silicates with Aluminum ,Sodium & Potassium Composition. Zeolites

47. What is adsorption? • involves nothing more than the preferential partitioning of substances from the gaseous or liquid phase onto the surface of a solid substrate. • Adsorption phenomena are operative in most natural physical, biological, and chemical systems • Physical adsorption is caused mainly by Van der Waals forces and electrostatic- type Bonding-Force between adsorbate molecules and the atoms which compose the adsorbent surface

48. Van der Waals Term and the Electrostatic Term • These terms are by far the most important and the accuracy of our models depend largely on the parameterisation and description of these terms. • The forces between atoms due to van der Waals -electrostatic interactions may be summarised as follows; no effect at very large distances, repulsive but attractive at very short and short distances respectively. • Zeolites adsorption can be increased using both Electrostatic and Electro magnetic Ripple-Frequency-Excitations(Dr.Sharaf).

49. 1.3 Thesis objectives: • The project is about a simple-prototyping and building of an EM/EM/EM/ES Excited Gasous -Adsorption Zeolite-Filter/Muffler for SOX, NOX, CO and CO2 gaseous adsorption. • This project required research in the field of electrical Energy, physics, and chemistry . • Understand the different Zeolite compounds that can be used. • Select Suitable Natural and synthetic high adsorption-Zeolites • Build a low cost Zeolite Based Muffler/Filter for Autos/Trucks/Locomotives based on Dr.A.M.Sharaf Basic Three /Four Axes EM/EM/EM/ES Ripple Frequency Excitation.

50. 1.3 Thesis objectives cont. • (1)The most important point in this project is to find the best distribution magnetic Field in X,Y ,Z directions.Using FEM-QUICK-FIELD software and Specific Coil-Design formula for sizing excitation coils-MMF/Size/Polarity. • (2) Design an electrostatic Quasi- uniform DC-Field distribution within Zeolite-Cartridge core using a low cost High Voltage-Multiplier Circuit .