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Matter and Energy

Learn about the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the phases of matter, mixtures, properties, physical and chemical changes, and particle representations. Discover how matter undergoes changes and the energy associated with those changes.

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Matter and Energy

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  1. Matter and Energy Unit 2

  2. Chemistry • Study of Matter • Composition, structure and properties • Changes that it undergoes • Energy associated with those changes

  3. Matter • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space • Exists in three phases which may change to one another under certain conditions • All materials are made of matter, though some more easily observed than others

  4. Phases of Matter Solid (s) • Definite shape and volume • Crystalline structure • Particles constantly vibrating in space • Particles are in a definite pattern • Particles are closely arranged • Resists compression

  5. Phases of Matter Liquid (l) • Fixed volume • No definite shape • Takes the shape of the container • Particles are close together • No regular pattern

  6. Phases of Matter Gases (g) No definite shape or volume Molecules far apart and random Entropy- degree of randomness/disorder

  7. Matter Mixtures Substances Elements Compounds Homogeneous Heterogeneous

  8. Mixtures: Solutions • Homogeneous mixtures in which one substance, the solute is dissolved in another substance called the solvent • Most common type is aqueous (aq) , which indicates that the substance is dissolved in water

  9. Properties of Matter Physical Properties: Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter. Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, and many others

  10. Chemical Properties • Chemical properties of matter describes its "potential" to undergo some chemical change or reaction • For example: 1. hydrogen has the potential to ignite and explode given the right conditions. This is a chemical property. 2. Metals in general have the chemical property of reacting with an acid. Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. This is a chemical property 3. Metals can rust

  11. Physical Changes A physical change takes place without any changes in molecular composition. The same element or compound is present before and after the change. • Melting, Boiling, vaporizing, condensing, etc

  12. Chemical Changes • A CHEMICAL CHANGE alters the composition of the original matter. Different elements or compounds are present at the end of the chemical change. The atoms in compounds are rearranged to make new and different compounds.

  13. Signs of a Chemical Change • Color change • Gas released • Formation of a precipitate • Generation of heat

  14. Demos • Al(s) + CuCl2 (aq)  AlCl3(aq) + Cu (s) • Zn (s) + HCl (aq)  ZnCl2(aq) + H2 (g) • AgNO3(aq)+ NaCl(aq)AgCl(s)+NaNO3(aq) *intro to table J and table F *single replacement reactions vs. double *Diatomic Elements vs Monoatomic Elements *Transition metals- colored compounds

  15. Particle Representations of Matter

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