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Unit 6: Conflict and Change A study in the uses and abuses of power Case Study: Conquistadors Lesson: #8. Essential Question: Why is there conflict? How can conflict bring two societies closer together? Is it in human nature to dominate? Can one person make a difference?
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Unit 6: Conflict and ChangeA study in the uses and abuses of powerCase Study: ConquistadorsLesson: #8 Essential Question: Why is there conflict? How can conflict bring two societies closer together? Is it in human nature to dominate? Can one person make a difference? Is one person’s freedom fighter another person’s terrorist? Is fighting ever justified?
Reflective Pre-write • Have you ever made a “discovery”? • What did you “discover”? • Did you tell anyone about that discovery?
Discussion • Have you ever made a “discovery”? • What did you “discover”? • Did you tell anyone about that discovery? • Did you ever think you discovered something newthat other people already knew existed? • Then…is it still a discovery?
Notes on the Age of Exploration Directions: Write down the main ideas and supporting details while learning about the European Explorers encounters in the Americas.
The Age of Exploration • During the 1300-1500s the Europeans with their increased wealth, newfound human abilities (humanism: belief that individuals and humans can do anything they will) and ability to use science to better navigate. The increased desire for wealth and success led many Explorers to travel… • Where do you think they went to find wealth and success?
The Age of Exploration • In the Americas at this time were many different civilizations: • Aztecs • Incas • Mayans • Amazon • Why do you think the European explorers went to Mesoamerica to find wealth?
Document Analysis Reflections Directions: As we look at images and read quotes from the natives and explorers, write down important observations (what you see) and thoughts or emotions (what you think/how you feel).
Story • In the decade before the Spanish arrived in Mexico, Aztec Emperor Montezuma II and his people were filled with a sense of foreboding. A series of evil omens had foretold of calamities to come…
Aztec Scrolls Story • A fiery comet crossed the sky. The temple of Huitzilopochtli, the god of war, burst into flames. The Lake of Mexico boiled and rose, flooding into houses. A weeping woman passed by in the middle of the night, crying "My children, we must flee far away from this city!" Fishermen discovered a bird that wore a strange mirror in the crown of its head. Montezuma looked into the mirror and saw a distant plain, with people making war against each other and riding on the backs of animals resembling deer. An agitated Montezuma demanded that his soothsayers explain the meaning of these dire signs and was told that they prophesied the destruction of his kingdom.
The Story of Cortes • The Spanish colonies of the sixteenth century had gold fever… • The explorers were constantly fighting for power and exploration so as to be the first to find the gold. Cortes was a Spanish explorer who ventured out against the desire of another explorer, Velazquez. He went from Cuba (where he had first landed) to the Mayan land and then the Aztecs’ land in the Yucatan…
The Story of Cortes(detailed) • The Spanish colonies of the sixteenth century had gold fever and in hardly a fortnight Cortés had two ships, a brigantine and 300 men. Velásquez became concerned about the scale of Cortés' preparations and feared losing control over the expedition and sent orders to relieve Cortés of his command. But Cortés' brother-in-law killed the messenger and took the governor's papers to Cortés. Alerted to Velásquez' plans, Cortés now moved fast. Having seized all the meat supplies in Santiago, he decided to set sail at daybreak on February 18, 1519. Velásquez hurried down just as Cortés was pulling away in a small boat. Cortés ignored his protestations and gave orders to sail.
The Story of Cortes(detailed) • The crossing from Cuba to the Yucatan is only 120 miles, and Cortés coasted down to Cozumel, where, for the first time, he saw the Mayan pyramids, with their thatched sanctuaries on top. Almost immediately, he had an incredible stroke of luck. The people of the island told him that in the next-door land, known as "Yucatan," there were two Christians who had been carried there a long time ago in a boat, and held as captives. One of those men was Geronimo de Aguilar, who had been shipwrecked near Jamaica in 1511. Thanks to Aguilar's survival, Cortés now had a translator who could speak the local Mayan tongue.
The Story of Cortes(detailed) • Cortés continued round the tip of the Yucatan and disembarked at Potonchan, where the natives gave him small offerings of food and a gold mask, but then asked the Spanish to go: ''We wish neither war nor trade,'' they told Cortés. ''We have no more gold - you will be killed if you do not leave.'' Ultimately, the conversation ended in a battle in which 400 Indian warriors were driven off with heavy losses. The Indians submitted and gave the Spanish gifts, including 20 women to cook tortillas and serve them. Cortés discovered that one of these women, named Malinali, or Malinche as she is generally known, spoke both Mayan and Nahuatl, the Aztec language. Cortés had stumbled upon the key to his ambitions - through Geronimo de Aguilar, he would be able to talk to Malinche in Mayan, and then through her speak with the Mexicans in Nahuatl.
The Arrival of the Spanish • Bernal Díaz del Castillo from The True History of the Conquest of New Spain: • “When we saw so all those cities and villages built in the water, and other great towns on dry land, and that straight and level causeway leading toward [Tenochtitlán], we were astounded. These great towns and [pyramids] and buildings rising from the water, all made of stone, seemed like an enchanted vision... Indeed, some of our soldiers asked whether it was not all a dream.... It was all so wonderful that I do not know how to describe this first glimpse of things never heard of, seen or dreamed of before.”
The Arrival of the Spanish • Bernal Díaz del Castillo from The True History of the Conquest of New Spain: • “We turned back to the great market and the swarm of people buying and selling. The mere murmur of their voices was loud enough to be heard more than three miles away. Some of our soldiers who had been in many parts of the world, in Constantinople, in Rome, and all over Italy, said that they had never seen a market so well laid out, so large, so orderly, and so filled with people.”
The Arrival of the Spanish • Bernal Díaz del Castillo from The True History of the Conquest of New Spain: • “When we saw so all those cities and villages built in the water, and other great towns on dry land, and that straight and level causeway leading toward [Tenochtitlán], we were astounded. These great towns and [pyramids] and buildings rising from the water, all made of stone, seemed like an enchanted vision... Indeed, some of our soldiers asked whether it was not all a dream.... It was all so wonderful that I do not know how to describe this first glimpse of things never heard of, seen or dreamed of before.” • “We turned back to the great market and the swarm of people buying and selling. The mere murmur of their voices was loud enough to be heard more than three miles away. Some of our soldiers who had been in many parts of the world, in Constantinople, in Rome, and all over Italy, said that they had never seen a market so well laid out, so large, so orderly, and so filled with people.”
Prediction Pre-write • Predict: What do you think the Spanish will do in the Americas? • Predict: What do you think will happen to the Native peoples living in America with the Spanish there?
Discussion • Predict: What do you think the Spanish will do in the Americas? • Predict: What do you think will happen to the Native peoples living in America with the Spanish there?
News Broadcast Project • This unit, we have discussed Conflict and the Change that results post-conflict. We started by learning about the Crusades in Europe by taking on the role of someone who would’ve experienced the Crusades and we held a hearing to discuss what happened and whether the Crusades were justified. In order to understand events, especially conflicts, it is important to look at multiple perspectives. Therefore, with our exploration of the Conquistadors we must also look at multiple perspectives. Your task is to create a news story to appear on an evening news telecast (2-3 minutes in length) that will inform viewers of the issue and will provide TWO different perspectives on the issue, supplied by “eye-witnesses.”
News Broadcast Project REQUIREMENTS • You will work in groups of 3 students (you can choose your groups) • Student #1: Reporter • Student #2: European (Conquistador) • Student #3: “American” (Aztec, Inca, or Maya) • Each person will fill out the planning worksheets – who, what, when, where, why and how of the issue • The group will work together to write the script for the interviews – the interviews should be written in 1st person (as though you are the person) • The group should use evidence from at least 3 documents from class • You will record the news broadcast
Rapid Write • WRITE A SOLID PARAGRAPH (at least 6 sentences) • Topic sentence: State your opinion/answer to the question (1 sentence) • Introduce evidence: Where did you get your examples/evidence (1 sentence) • Evidence: Fact (quote/paraphrase) to support your opinion (1-2 sentences) • Discuss: Explain HOW/WHY your examples/evidence support the opinion/answer you wrote in your topic sentence (3 sentences) • QUESTION: Did the Spanish “discover” America? (According to whose perspective? Think about difference in perspective)
