Preschoolers

1. Preschoolers

2. Preschoolers • Children ages four to six are often called preschoolers. • Children of this age are known for their activity. • This is a time of practicing and refining physical skills. • “Practice makes perfect”

3. Growth and Development • The average yearly increase in height is 2 ½-3 inches. • Most children gain 4-5 pounds per year during this period. • Boys tend to be slightly taller and heavier than girls at this age. • They are becoming straighter and slimmer.

4. Preschooler’s Physical Development About the age of 6 children begin to lose their primary teeth. Larger permanent teeth begin to appear. Their six-year molars are the first of their secondary teeth to appear. David goes to the Dentist

5. You Tube Clip OMW. LOLOLOL David after Dentist http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txqiwrbYGrs

6. Large and Small Motor Skills • Most large motor skills become well-developed and there is significant improvement in their small motor skills. • Recess is important! Why? • The skilled use of their hands has improved. • However, most children cannot tie their shoes until about age 5. • Most children by age 5 consistently use either their right or left hand. Preference for the right or left hand begins before a child’s second birthday. • It is not a good idea to try and change a child’s hand preference. • Ambidextrous means what?

7. You Tube Clip Sponge Bob tying shoes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvMUlywpYr8&feature=fvst

8. Motor Skills • Four Years: skips and hops, laces shoes, dresses/undresses, cuts on lines, can jump forward and up and down, throws overhand • Five Years: ties shoes, draws people and letters, balances on tiptoe, buttons, snaps, zips clothes, picks up small items • Six Years: throws and catches ball, builds block towers to shoulder height, cuts, pastes, molds, colors skillfully, writes entire words.

9. Self Care • Children need help in maintaining cleanliness habits. Poor habits that are acquired can continue into adulthood.

10. Social and Emotional Development

11. Four Year Olds • More interested in friends than in adults • They play best in groups of 3-4 • They are often bossy and inconsiderate • Fighting is common • They have a strong sense of family and home • Often fight with brothers and sisters

12. Four Year Olds • Most are not as pleasant to live with as they were at age 3. • They are more selfish, impatient, defiant, and boastful. • They can be loving and affectionate. • They need and seek parental approval. • They are increasingly independent.

13. Four Year Olds • Use their language ability with enthusiasm. • They boast, tell tales, and tattle on others. • They have difficulty separating fact from fantasy. • Their exaggerations are not deliberate lies. • They do not like people to laugh at their mistakes and they do not want to be a baby anymore. • BLOOD!:)

14. Five Year Olds • More outgoing and talkative • They play best in groups of 5-6 • Their play is more complicated and they have more respect for the belongings of others. • They are more concerned about what their friends say and do. • They do not like to be different from their friends. • They play much better with younger brothers and sisters. • Jessica’s Daily Affirmation

15. You Tube Clip Jessica’s Daily Affirmation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qR3rK0kZFkg

16. Five Year Olds • Five year olds enter a quiet period. • They are practical, sympathetic, and serious. • They conform to rules more easily. • Adult criticism is hard for them to take. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMrr8othtR0&feature=related

17. Six Year Olds • Six year olds want everything and want to do things in their own way. • Their best friends are usually of the same sex. • They tend to form groups that exclude other children. • They like group play and organized teams. • They are very self-centered and argue with their parents. • Six year olds are stubborn and quarrelsome. • They resent directions and know everything. • They are the center of their own universe and are often worst with their parents. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rbMHLDY1pA

18. Anger • A major emotion that changes with age is anger. • For example, at age four, a child still likes to fight with others. • At age five, children tend to hurt others feelings rather than hurt them physically. • At age six, children tease, insult, nag, and make fun of others.

19. Emotions • Because children ages 4-6 have well-developed imaginations they often have fears based upon imaginary dangers. • Sensitive and insecure children are more prone to fear. • Fear of the dark is common. • Jealousy of brothers and sisters is common at this age. • It often takes the form of tattling, criticizing, or lying.

20. Cognitive Development

21. Preoperational Thinking • Piaget described the age from 2-7 as the preoperational thinking stage. • Some signs of preoperational thinking: • Children learn that objects and words can be symbols. • Children learn through fantasy, creative, and dramatic play. • Children continue to view the world in terms of themselves. They are self-centered. • Children find it difficult to focus on more than one thing at a time.

22. Intelligence Test • First intelligence test was developed by the French psychologist, Alfred Binet in 1905. Later, Stanford University adapted the test. It is now called the Stanford Binet test. • The score or intelligence quotient IQ, is simply a number that tells whether a child shows intelligence that is average, above or below average for his/her age. • The average IQ is 90 – 110 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=fvwp&v=ltXUykEcYxM&NR=1

23. Learning • 4, 5, and 6 year olds learn from a variety of experiences. • Whether or not children enjoy reading, art and music depends largely upon attitudes of their parents. • By school age, language ability is one of the most dependable indications of intellectual development.

24. Techniques for working with children: • Look for opportunities to talk with children about what they are doing. • Ask questions that require more than a yes or no answer. • Ask a child’s opinion or views about something. • Children need to be included in clean-up tasks. • Talk to children when traveling or going places about what they see and visit. • Help children to learn and understand their world through experiments. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2eCyS8v7tc