The Era of Good Feelings

1. The Era of Good Feelings Chapter 5 Objectives:

2. American Nationalism • After the War of 1812, a strong sense of pride (nationalism) swept the US. • In the last two years of President James Monroe’s presidency, leaders attempted to bind the nation together (American System) • There was only ONE major political party (Federalist were gone)

3. James Monroe1817-1825 • Democrat Republican • Only one dominant political party= Democrat-Republicans • National Pride after War of 1812 • America starts to look inward-Unity??

4. Nationalism • Economic Nationalism • Henry Clay’s American System • Second Bank – to be created • Tariffs – Tariff of 1816 – 1st tariff strictly for protectionism • Improved roads & canals (infrastructure) –Monroe vetoed certain improvements-not enumerated power! • States and private companies will build most infrastructure (roads) in America.

5. Judicial NATIONALISM • Judicial • John Marshall (Chief Justice) – 3 landmark rulings • Martin v Hunter’s Lessee- Supreme Court ruled it could hear cases from state level. • McCulloch v Maryland- state’s may not interfere with a federal government agency • Gibbons v Ogden- federal government regulates interstate commerce-not states! • These all made the Supreme Court stronger or the federal government stronger (than states)

6. What territory did the Adams Onis Treaty give the US? 32 • Louisiana • Florida • Ohio • Texas 0

7. Nationalism • Diplomatic (Foreign Policy) • Expand the borders • Adams-Onis Treaty – Spain ceded all of Florida to the US • Rush-Bagot Treaty – demilitarized the Great Lakes (US & Britain) • Convention of 1818 –treaty between US & Britain; joint occupation of Oregon. • Monroe Doctrine: the American continents are now off limits to European colonization! Secretary of State John Quincy Adams

8. Internal Improvements • Transportation • The National Road (Cumberland Road) 1st major roadway built by US government; 620 miles long between Potomac & Ohio Rivers. (1830’s)—only federal funded road project in that time. • Toll Roads • Canals – The Erie Canal (1825)- 363 miles long; joined NY & Atlantic with Great Lakes • Steam Boats – Robert Fulton/Robert Livingston=Clermont • Steam Locomotives – Iron Horse – Peter Cooper – pushed the settling of the West; made settlement of the west possible.

10. Industrial Revolution • 1st Industrial Revolution- began in Britain in mid-1700’s • Francis Lowell – 1st factory (1814) – textile mill in Mass.; used women & children workers. • Technological Advances • Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin – effected the growth of the Cotton Kingdom • Samuel Morse – Telegraph & Morse code • Interchangeable Parts – large quantities of identical parts which are then put into products – these parts can interchange between two of the same product

11. Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution • Moved from hand tools –skilled artisan to machines ran by unskilled workers • Manufacturers could sale products nationally not just by region

12. Why America was ready for the Industrial Revolution by the early 1800’s? • Free Enterprise existed here-encouraged investment, entrepreneurship= industrialization. • Capital existed-no income or corporate taxes • States allowed companies to form corporations= sale shares of stock, limited liability • Northeast had rivers that provided hydropower

13. Changes • Large Cities Grew – factories drew people from farms, immigrants; by 1860 eight cities had 100,000 or more. • Labor Unions evolved • Family Farm – still important • Rise of the Cotton Kingdom – expansion into southwest • Settling of the West – result of the Railroads

14. Life in Northern Cities • As cities grew because of the industrial revolution, many problems developed: crime, overcrowding, public health problems. • Cities established police & fire departments • Poor sanitation caused illness & death until cities developed sewer systems, garbage disposal, and medical innovation in the late 1800’s. • Men headed the household, women in middle income families were to stay at home. • Higher education for women (1830’s) • Public schools did not exist in many cities, attendance optional, middle & upper class boys attended. • Cities were a haven for run a way slaves • Farms remained the main economic activity in the US (ENTIRE FAMILY worked).

16. Labor Unions • Industrial boom created a new type of worker= factory worker (1.3 million by 1860) • Workers began to form “Labor Unions”. • Early on, most unionized workers were skilled workers in printing or shoemaking. • Pushed for 10 hour day & higher wages. • Tactics: Strikes (work stoppage). • Courts usually ruled against demands of workers • 1840- Federal employees granted the 10 hour workday • 1842- Commonwealth v. Hunt- Massachusetts's Supreme Court ruled that strikes were legal in that state.

18. “Cotton is King” – John C. Calhoun • South – remained agricultural – creating Sectionalism • South had a class structure • Task system – slaves given just a task to finish – small groups • Gang system - huge gang overseen by a slave driver or

19. Slaves • Slave Codes – laws basically gave slaves no rights • Assimilation – used religion, music & language to cope with their situation • Rebellion – • Denmark Vesey – Organized a slave revolt • 1831 – Virginia - Nat Turner – uprising killed more than 50 whites • Effects – created stiffer slave codes, more harsh treatment • Slavery was banned in 1808 • 1850-225,000 free blacks

20. Abolitionism? • Quakers & Baptists – argued slavery was a sin • Grimke Sisters – whites who became outspoken critics of slavery

21. What is the growing divide between the North & South called? 32 • Division • Sectionalism • Confederation • Nullification 0

22. MANIFEST DESTINY – IDEA THAT GOD HAD GIVEN THE CONTINENT TO WHITES TO CONQUER • Sectionalism • Panic of 1819 – Missouri applies for Statehood • Henry Clay • Missouri Compromise – admit Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state thus keeping balance – would allow slavery in states south of Missouri *** The Great Compromiser

24. Election of 1824Election of Sectionalism • Republican Party – Favorite Sons Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams Henry Clay William Crawford Jackson received the most votes but no one got a majority

25. What happens when there is no majority in a Presidential Election? • No one is elected – old president gets to stay president • It goes to the candidate with the most • It goes to the House of Representatives for a decision • It goes to the Supreme Court for a decision 0 of 32

26. It goes to the House of Representatives!! • Speaker of the House – Henry Clay • Clay was eliminated because he was 4th • Clay supported Adams & in return Adams named Clay Secretary of State • Forever known as THE CORRUPT BARGAIN • Jackson & supporters so angry they split from the party and formed the Democratic Republicans – calling themselves Democrats

27. John Quincy Adams1825 - 1829