Photography

1. Photography LiangRuiYi Liangry-e@163.com

2. What we will learn from the lesson • What is the photography? • How to be a great photographer • Types of cameras • How to use the camera • Film • Exposure • Filter • Light • Digital photography

3. Chapter 1 What is the photography? • Keywords • Photography:摄影术 • Photograph:照片 • Photographer:摄影师 • Communication:传播 • The Kodak Era:柯达时代 • Digital photo:数码照片

4. A. What is the photography • The word photography comes from two ancient Greek words: photo, for "light," and graph, for "drawing." "Drawing with light" is a way of describing photography. Early photographs were called sun pictures, Today, photography has become a powerful means of communication and a mode of visual expression that touches human life in many ways.

5. B. The history and the development of photography • Invention of Camera Obscura (针孔照相机) (first detailed in writing by artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci )

6. Making  the Image Permanent (with the silver halides, first discovered by Thomas Wedgwood ) • Niepce (early 19th century): invented the lithography（石版印刷术）, using bitumen（沥青）, a resinous（树脂） substance, and oil of lavender（薰衣草）. It required an exposure, in bright sunlight, of eight hours. • Daguerre(1830): worked out the process that came to be known as daguerreotypy. The daguerreotype's silver image was capable of rendering exquisitely fine detail. • Talbot(1830): the first person invented negative-positive process. • Maddox(1871): produced a successful dry plate that retained its light-sensitivity after drying, The dry plate represented a turning point in photography. • Eadweard Muybridge: pioneer of motion picture

7. The Kodak Era • In the 1880s the American George Eastman  put flexible roll film on the market, and in 1889 he introduced the first Kodak camera with the slogan, "You push the button and we do the rest." Thus was launched the era of mass-market photography.

8. The Future • Digital photo images began in 1985 with the first low cost camera from Canon called the Xapshot. • The Kodak CD process came out in 1991 which allowed images from any source including slides and negatives to be recorded on a compact disk.

9. C. The function of photography • Photography as Art: Today photography is widely recognized as a fine art. Photographs are displayed in art museums, prized by collectors, discussed by critics, and studied in art history courses. • Photography as a meaning of communication

10. Niepce 《 Pigeon House》Exposure 8 hours return

11. Daguerre 《StillLife》 return

12. Eadweard Muybridge《RuningHorse》 return