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The Cardiovascular System

11. 16 slides. The Cardiovascular System. The Cardiovascular System. Introduction: * 2 Organs & 1Tissues of the Cardiovascular System: what are they? * Organs = * Tissue =. Anterior View. Left common carotid artery. Brachiocephalic trunk. Left subclavian artery. Superior vena cava.

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The Cardiovascular System

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  1. 11 16 slides The Cardiovascular System

  2. The Cardiovascular System Introduction: *2 Organs & 1Tissues of the Cardiovascular System: what are they? *Organs = *Tissue = Anterior View

  3. Left common carotid artery Brachiocephalic trunk Left subclavian artery Superior vena cava Aortic arch Right pulmonary artery Ligamentum arteriosum Ascending aorta Left pulmonary artery Pulmonary trunk Left pulmonary veins Left atrium Right pulmonary veins Auricle of left atrium Right atrium Circumflex artery Right coronary artery in coronary sulcus (right atrioventricular groove) Left coronary artery in coronary sulcus (left atrioventricular groove) Anterior cardiac vein Left ventricle Right ventricle Great cardiac vein Marginal artery Anterior interventricular artery (in anterior interventricular sulcus) Small cardiac vein Inferior vena cava Apex Anterior View (a) Figure 11.3a

  4. I. The Heart 2nd Rib Sternum A. Introduction • *Location: • Basic Structure: • Chambers • *Base • *Apex • Size = • *Main Tissue Type: 3. *Basic Function: Diaphragm 7th Rib Diaphragm Anterior View Base Diaphragm Apex

  5. Midsternal line 2nd rib Sternum Diaphragm Point of maximal intensity (PMI) Anterior View (a) Figure 11.1a

  6. Superior vena cava Aorta Parietal pleura (cut) Pulmonary trunk Left lung Pericardium (cut) Apex of heart Diaphragm Anterior View (c) Figure 11.1c

  7. B. Anatomy • Heart Coverings = Pericardium = a double-walled sac; made of “a” and “b” below a. Fibrous pericardium: describe b. Serous membrane: • Visceral pericardium = epicardium of heart which is part of the Pericardium and the Heart Wall • Parietal pericardium c. *Serous fluid: Fibrous Pericardium Parietal Pericardium Visceral P.

  8. Mediastinum Heart Left lung Posterior (b) Superior View of a Transverse Section Figure 11.1b

  9. 2. The Heart: Heart Wall give location and tissue for all the below a. *Epicardium • Tissue b. *Myocardium • Tissue c. *Endocardium • Tissue (Endothelium) Pericardium Pulmonary trunk Fibrous pericardium Parietal pericardium Pericardium Pericardial cavity Myocardium Epicardium (visceral layer of serous pericardium) Heart Wall Myocardium Endocardium Heart chamber

  10. 3. Chambers– 4 LA a. Atria i) *Structure: size, amount of muscle? ii) Receive blood from: • Right A. • Left A. b. Ventricles i) *Structure size, amount of muscle? ii) Pump blood to: • Right V. • Left V. RA LV RV Anterior View of frontal section

  11. Left ventricle Right ventricle Anterior View showing a transverse section Muscular interventricular septum Figure 11.5

  12. 4. The Heart: Septa - Mostly made up cardiac muscle a. Interventricular septum • *Separates: b. Interatrial septum • *Separates: Anterior View

  13. 5. The Heart’s Role in Blood Circulation • Rule about Arteries and Veins • Veins • Arteries b) General Path of Blood into Arteries and from Veins • Into heart via Veins  _______________ • Atria  _______________ of same side • Ventricle  ________________ Anterior View

  14. The Heart’s Role in Blood Circulation … c) Two Circulations i) Systemic circulation: • From left side of the heart: to ii) Pulmonary circulation: • From right side of the heart to: iii) Blood in both circulations: move in synchrony as they are connected are via the heart chambers d) Like 2 separate pumps • *Right Side of Heart pumps blood to where? • *Left Side of Heart pumps blood to where?

  15. Capillary beds of lungs where gas exchange occurs Pulmonary Circuit Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Venae cavae Aorta and branches Left atrium Left ventricle Right atrium Heart Right ventricle Systemic Circuit Capillary beds of all body tissues where gas exchange occurs KEY: Oxygen-rich, CO2-poor blood Oxygen-poor, CO2-rich blood Figure 11.4

  16. 6. The Heart: Valves - *Function: - Two types of valves– total of 4 valves • Atrioventricular (AV) valves - *Are between ? i) *Cusps ii) *Chordae Tendineae • function iii) Specific Valves: • Bicuspid (mitral) • Tricuspid (right) Bicuspid Tricuspid Anterior View

  17. b) Semilunar valves - *Are between ? i) Pulmonary semilunar ii) Aortic semilunar Aortic S Pulmonary S Anterior View

  18. Superior vena cava Aorta Left pulmonary artery Right pulmonary artery Left atrium Right atrium Left pulmonary veins Right pulmonary veins Pulmonary semilunar valve Left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid valve) Fossa ovalis Aortic semilunar valve Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) Left ventricle Right ventricle Chordae tendineae Interventricular septum Inferior vena cava Myocardium Visceral pericardium (b) Anterior View showing Frontal section showing interior chambers and valves. Figure 11.3b

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