Government

1. Government EOC Review

2. Essential Questions • Why do political divisions cooperate? • What are some examples of political divisions are the national and international levels?

3. Examples of Political Divisions • Counties • States • Cities • Neighborhoods • Election districts • School districts • Regional districts

4. What is the Job of the Government? • According to John Locke, the Job of the Government is to protect the “unalienable rights” or “natural rights” of the people. These rights include the right to life, liberty and property. • If the Government fails to protect these rights then it is the “right of the people to alter or abolish it, and institute a new form of government”.

5. Main Forms of Government • Use this power point to help you with creating your foldable for forms of Governmen! • Aristocracy/Monarchy • Democracy/ Federal Republic • Communism • Socialism • Theocracy • Totalitarian

6. Monarchy Monarchy • A ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with the citizens. • When the ruler dies, power automatically passes to one of the monarchs children or hiers. (Divine right)

7. Dictatorship • A system of government in which a single person or small group exercises complete power of others. • The dictator either seizes control by force, or is placed into a position of authority by others. • Example: IdiAmin Dada , President of Uganda 1971-1979 (Last king of Scotland)

8. Democratic/Federal Republic Representative Democracy Federal Republic • Citizens hold political power through elected representatives. • Different social groups elect their own representatives, who meet in assemblies. • Example: United States • Powers are also divided and shared among the national government and state government. • Power is divided among three branches of government. Executive, Legislative and Judicial.

9. National Government • Supremacy of the National Government- Our national government is our highest level of government. • Supremacy Clause: “ This constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made on pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the U.S. shall be the supreme law of the land…” –Aritcle 6, Sec 2 • States rights Vs Federal govt.

10. Checks and Balances

11. Communism vs. Socialism Communism Socialism • All means of production- land, Coal mines ,factories ,railroads and business are owned by the government. • Private property does not exist. • Example: China, N. Korea and Cuba • The means of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. • Citizens can own land and business. • Socialism is a system of government in which the state provides the basic needs of the people. • Example: healthcare for citizens

12. Theocracy • A Theocracy is a Government ran by religious leaders. Like a monarchy, theocracy is an old form of government. • In a theocracy, the government claims to be directed by God, or divinely blessed. There is no legal separation of church and state, and citizens of other faiths are often excluded or expelled. • The Supreme Leader can dismiss the President and declare war. Ayatolla Ali Khamenei Supreme Leader of Iran.

13. Totalitarian • Form of government in which the government controls all aspects of individual life. • Under totalitarianism, people can only belong to organizations controlled by the government. No separate political parties, labor unions or other organizations allowed. Joseph Stalin controlled the USSR from 1941-1953

14. Totalitarian • The government controls all churches and religious groups. • The control extends to the police, military, communications, economy and the educational system. • The government also controls all television, radio, and newspapers. • Any who oppose the government are arrested and sent to labor camps

15. Political conflict

16. Reasons for Political Divisions • Differences in culture, language, religion • Retention of historical boundaries • Imperial conquest and control • Economic similarities and differences

17. Political divisions • Each Government usually establishes clear boundaries, over which it asserts its authority. The area that a government controls creates a political region or political unit. Boundaries between countries are known as borders • Political maps are designed to show boundaries separating different countries, or their internal political divisions, such as countries.

18. Reasons for Conflict • Boundary and territorial disputes • Examples: Syria/Israel, Western Sahara/Morocco, China/Taiwan, and India/Pakistan • Cultural differences - Indonesia, Canada, Sudan • Nationalism

19. Reasons for Conflict • Economic differences (fertile land, access to fresh water, access to coast, fishing rights, natural resources, different economic philosophies) • Ethnic differences - Balkans, Cyprus, Kashmir

20. Political Process and Citizenship • A Government policy consists of a series of decision and actions on a particular issue or topic • Different points of view frequently influence the development of public policies and decisions.( all levels of government) • Cultural beliefs, such as nationalism and patriotism, influence citizenship, public policies and decision making processes.

21. Identify the Problem: First, Government officials need to identify a need or problem Implement and evaluate the best option: Finally, officials select one option or a combination of options. They apply the approach and evaluate its effectiveness Decision Making Process Gather information: Next, Government officials must gather and analyze information Consider advantages/Disadvantages: Government officals can now consider the advantages and disadvantages of each option Consider the options: Next, Government officials will consider different ways of meeting the need or solving the problem