Revolutionary War

1. Revolutionary War Ch 1.2

2. Thursday February 2, 2012 • Daily goal: Understand how the Battle of Saratoga was a turning point, the significance of the Battle of Yorktown and what type of warfare the Colonial Army used against the British. • Think about it… • To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement below… • “If you don’t know history it is as if you were born yesterday.” –Howard Zinn

3. Friday February 3, 2012 • Daily goal: Understand John Locke’s contribution to the Revolution, how taxes strained the relationship between Americans and the British. • Think about it… • How would you feel if your taxes were raised significantly and there was no one in the gov’t representing you to stop it?

4. The French and Indian War(1754-63)a.k.a. The 7 Years War • By 1754 British American Colonists began to push past the Appalachian Mountains • Problem: France and many different Native American tribes claimed and already occupied this territory • over 3 million Colonist + British Troops vs. many Native tribes + 15,000 French Troops • Goal: build forts to protect and expand British territory west of Appalachian mtns. • Britain goes to war against France + Spain (1756-63) to fight for control over territories around the world • including India, Philippines, Montreal, Ohio Valley, West Indies, etc. • The portion of the 7 Years War fought in North America is know as the French and Indian War

5. Why call it French and Indian War? • Natives played a key role in the war • they chose sides that benefited them • goal was to prevent European settlements on native lands • Vicious fighting on both sides: • scalping was common on both sides • $ for scalps • British sent blankets w/ smallpox on it to the Natives

6. John Locke • People have natural rights to life, liberty, and property • Social contract: • people collectively choose to obey a government, only when that government protects the natural rights of the citizens • If the government breaks that contract by violating the peoples rights • people have the right to overthrow that government

7. John Locke • Argued that people were born with Natural Rights (life, liberty and property) from their Creator, that could no be taken away. • Governments were formed to protect these rights and if they did not, the people had a right to rebel against their government. • These ideas greatly influenced the Declaration of Independence.

8. Parliament passed new tax laws: Stamp Act (1765) taxed most printed documents including: wills, newspapers, deeds, college diplomas and other printed materials. 1st tax on goods within colonies Colonist felt there union was w/ king not Parliament- therefore unlawful tax Trial by admiralty court is violation of the English Bill of Rights – made Amer. colonist 2nd class citizens read: Stamp Act primary doc How will the colonist respond? Why? How will Britain pay its war debts? TAX STAMP USED ON ALL PRINTED MATERIALS

9. How will the colonist respond? • Protesting and boycotting of British Goods • Impact: • British merchants sold less, thus earned less $  employers laid off workers  British public angry at Parliament • Result: Stamp Act repealed in 1766

10. What else can Parliament do to raise $ to pay its debt? - Townsend Act (1767) Taxed all imported and exported goods (double tax) - created a board to go after smugglers

11. Tea Act (1773) • Tax on tea to raise $ • Create a monopoly for the East India Tea Company • How would the colonist respond?

12. Boston Tea Party (1773) • A group of Bostonians raided a ship full of tea, and dumped the tea into the water.

13. Taxes • Stamp Act- first direct tax on the colonies on most legal documents and printed materials. • Townsend Acts- taxes placed on glass, lead, paper, paint and tea. • Tea Act- taxed Tea in the colonies. • “No taxation without representation!” became the colonial catch phrase, because they did not have a rep in Parliament.

14. Declaration of Independence • Written by Thomas Jefferson • Influenced by Locke’s ideas about government and natural rights • Unalienable rights • life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness • People had the right to abolish the government if their rights are violated • Compare: Jefferson’s version vs. Final draft Dec. of Ind.

15. THE CONGRESS MET AGAIN IN JUNE 1776 AND COMMISSIONED THOMAS JEFFERSON TO DRAFT A DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. THE DOCUMENT HAD THREE PARTS: THE PURPOSE OF A GOVERNMENT, 27 REASONS FOR SEPARATION, AND THE OFFICIAL DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

16. 56 MEN SIGNED THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OVER SEVERAL MONTHS, WITH THE ADOPTION ON JULY 2, 1776

17. Declaration of Independence • Thomas Jefferson drafted the document which proclaimed the colonies an independent country and broke all ties with Britain.

18. 1st Continental Congress (1774) • Members from 12 colonies • Georgia did not attend • Meet to discuss reaction to Intolerable Acts. • Another Boycott of British goods • Drafted a Declaration of Rights and Grievances – sent to King George • Why the king?

19. How did the King Respond? • Ignored petition • Sent more troops • Royal Governor of MA ordered: • the arrest of Samuel Adams + John Hancock • Confiscation of militia arms and ammunition in Lexington and Concord JOHN HANCOCK SAMUEL ADAMS

20. Paul Revere: “The redcoats are coming”

21. Lexington and Concord April 1775 • Gunshots were exchanged between British soldiers and Boston Militiamen in Lexington and Concord • Read Lexington primary document

22. How will the British respond? Bunker Hill (June 1775) - unofficial beginning of the American Revolution

23. How do the colonist respond? • 2nd Continental Congress (1775) • Appoints George Washington as General of revolutionary army • Drafts Declaration of Independence (1776)

24. Continental Army • The Colonists had depended on militia units like the minutemen- who were trained to fight at a minute’s notice. • The 2nd Continental Congress voted to create the Continental Army led by General George Washington.

25. The Big Battles • Battle of Saratoga- stunning American victory that convinced the French to join the American cause. • Battle of Yorktown- The last major battle of the War that convinced the British to begin peace negotiations.

26. Peace • The British and Americans signed the Treaty of Paris officially ending the war and giving America independence.