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Non-Metals

Non-Metals. Chapter 10-4. Properties of Non-Metals. Most are gases at room temperature Solid non-metals are dull, brittle, powdery, non-malleable, and non-ductile Electrons in non-metals aren’t free to move like in metals. Hydrogen Helium Neon Argon Krypton. Xenon Radon Fluorine

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Non-Metals

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  1. Non-Metals Chapter 10-4

  2. Properties of Non-Metals • Most are gases at room temperature • Solid non-metals are dull, brittle, powdery, non-malleable, and non-ductile • Electrons in non-metals aren’t free to move like in metals

  3. Hydrogen Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon Fluorine Chlorine Oxygen Nitrogen These non-metals are GASES

  4. These non-metals are SOLIDS Carbon Phosphorus Selenium Iodine This non-metal is a LIQUID Bromine States of Non-Metals

  5. HYDROGEN • Hydrogen is a diatomic molecule • That means that there are two atoms of the same element • Hydrogen usually combines with alkali and alkaline earth metals • Hydrogen is normally a gas

  6. HALOGENS • This is the name for Group 17 elements • The name comes from the Greek “salt former” • Bromine is the only halogen that is liquid at room temperature • Fluorine and Chlorine are gases • Iodine is a solid and goes through sublimation

  7. NOBLE GASES • The noble gases have an outer shell with 8 electrons (the outer shell is full) • These are all very stable elements that do not normally form compounds

  8. BORON GROUP • Group 13 elements • All elements in the Boron group have 3 electrons on the outer shell • Boron is a metalloid • Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium are all metals

  9. CARBON GROUP • Group 14 elements • All elements have 4 electrons on the outer shell • Carbon is a non-metal • Silicon and Germanium are metalloids • Tin and Lead are metals

  10. NITROGEN GROUP • Group 15 elements • All elements have 5 electrons on the outer shell • Nitrogen and Phosphorus are non-metals • Nitrogen is diatomic • Arsenic and Antimony are metalloids • Bismuth is a metal

  11. OXYGEN GROUP • Group 16 elements • All elements have 6 electrons on the outer shell • Oxygen, Sulfur, and Selenium are non-metals • Oxygen is a diatomic molecule • Tellurium and Polonium are metalloids

  12. SEMICONDUCTORS • Silicon is the main element used to make semiconductors • The elements in the Boron Group attach to Silicon to form different types of semiconductors

  13. ALLOTROPES • An allotrope is a different form of the same element • Example: Carbon has allotropes of diamond and graphite

  14. SYNTHETIC ELEMENTS • Lanthanide Elements • Actinide Series • A series of radioactive metals following, and beginning with, actinium • Some of these elements have since been shown to exist in minute amounts in nature, however, most are man-made

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