Agenda

2. Agenda • Common Trends • Time Management • Troop Leading Procedures • ROE/ROI • EOF • Battle Drills • HLZ • Risk Assessment

3. Combat Convoy Lane Trends • Time Management • No company commander/1SG involvement • No backwards planning (1/3-2/3) • Poor PCI/PCC and Rehearsals • Battle Drills • Slow/no transition from non-lethal to lethal fight (EOF) • Soldiers not knowing their individual task & purpose (tasks to subordinates) • Convoy Organization • No Task Organization/ span of control • Overwhelming the convoy commanders • Escalation of Force (EOF) • Lack of understanding of EOF measures at all levels • Inadequate rehearsals • Medical Rules of Eligibility (MEDROE) • Knowledgeable medics • Life, Limb or Eyesight (LLE) casualties left on the battlefield

4. Time Management (1 of 2) Receive The Mission Issue the OPORD Execute 1/3 2/3 Leader Planning & Prep Time Subordinate Planning & Prep Time One Third – Two Thirds Rule “The leader should use no more than one third of the available time for his own planning and for issuing his operations order. The remaining two thirds is for subordinates to plan and prepare for the operations.” FM 7-0

5. Time Management (2 of 2) Company OPORD Receive The Mission Execute 1/3 2/3 Leader Planning & Prep Time Subordinate Planning & Prep Time CO Platoon OPORD Receive The Mission Execute 1/3 2/3 Subordinate Planning & Prep Time WASTED TIME (33%) Leader Planning & Prep Time PLT Squad OPORD Receive The Mission Execute 1/3 2/3 WASTED TIME (56%) Leader Planning & Prep Time Subordinate Planning & Prep Time SQD Soldier Prep Time WASTED TIME (70%) Soldier

6. Troop Leading Procedures (1 of 9) • Receive the Mission • Issue the Warning Order • Make a tentative plan • Initiate movement • Reconnoiter • Complete the plan • Issue the Operations Order • Supervise “Troop Leading Procedures is a dynamic process used by small unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a plan, and prepare for an operation.” - FM 5-0

7. Troop Leading Procedures (2 of 9) Key Tasks: • Receive the Mission • Issue the Warning Order • Make a tentative plan • Initiate movement • Reconnoiter • Complete the plan • Issue the Operations Order • Supervise • OPORD, FRAGO, Movement Order • Analyze specific and implied tasks • Determine unit capabilities; resolve any shortfalls (personnel, vehicles, equipment) with higher • Determine the time available for planning and preparation (1/3-2/3) TLPs: Receive/Analyze the Mission

8. Troop Leading Procedures (3 of 9) Key Tasks: • Receive the Mission • Issue the Warning Order • Make a tentative plan • Initiate movement • Reconnoiter • Complete the plan • Issue the Operations Order • Supervise • CC uses a formatted WARNO with the following information provided to subordinate leaders: • Situation/ Mission • Manifest (OOM) • Timeline • Special Instructions (Specify Rehearsals, load EOF Kit, Tow Bars, etc.) • Assistant Convoy Commander (ACC) gathers subordinate leaders and provides guidance on: • Load preparation • Rehearsals • Pre-Combat Checks TLPs: Issue the WARNO

9. Sample Warning Order

10. Troop Leading Procedures (4 of 9) Key Tasks: • Receive the Mission • Issue the Warning Order • Make a tentative plan • Initiate movement • Reconnoiter • Complete the plan • Issue the Operations Order • Supervise • CC gathers key leaders and conducts a tactical analysis of the mission utilizing METT-TC: • Mission • Enemy (Intel Update) • Terrain and Weather • Time • Troops Available • Civilian TLPs: Make a Tentative Plan

11. Troop Leading Procedures (5 of 9) Key Tasks: • Receive the Mission • Issue the Warning Order • Make a tentative plan • Initiate movement • Reconnoiter • Complete the plan • Issue the Operations Order • Supervise • CC should provide guidance to ACC Convoy NCOIC regarding: • Re-fuel • Re-arm • Load vehicles • Fill radios/ conduct initial commex • Pre-rig vehicles for hasty recovery • Prepare individuals (packing list, NVGs, wpns maint) TLPs: Initiate Movement

12. Troop Leading Procedures (6 of 9) Key Tasks: • Receive the Mission • Issue the Warning Order • Make a tentative plan • Initiate movement • Reconnoiter • Complete the plan • Issue the Operations Order • Supervise • Select personnel for recon (PL/SL) • Coordinate with S2 for Intel update • Brief S3 on recon method and plan • Leave detailed instructions w/ ACC • Debrief the S2 upon returning TLPs: Reconnoiter

13. Troop Leading Procedures (7 of 9) Key Tasks: • Receive the Mission • Issue the Warning Order • Make a tentative plan • Initiate movement • Reconnoiter • Complete the plan • Issue the Operations Order • Supervise • Convoy Brief Format • Personnel/ Vehicle Manifest • Timeline • Strip Map for every vehicle and subordinate leader • Risk Assessment TLPs: Complete the Plan

14. Sample Manifest

15. Sample Manifest

16. Sample Timeline

17. Sample Strip Map Essential Elements of a Strip Map: (1) Start Point. (2) Release Point. (3) Halts. (4) Critical Point with Grid Coordinates. (5) Distance Between CPs. (6) Friendly Forces. (7) Arrival and Departure Times at SP, CP, RP. (8) Convoy Routes (9) Major Cities and Towns. (10) North Orientation. (11) Duress Frequency (911 or “Sheriff” Freq). (12) Logistical Support Data: Include the location of all logistical support facilities. (13) Danger Areas and Type of Threat.

18. Troop Leading Procedures (8 of 9) Key Tasks: • Receive the Mission • Issue the Warning Order • Make a tentative plan • Initiate movement • Reconnoiter • Complete the plan • Issue the Operations Order • Supervise • CC should rehearse the convoy brief • Sand Table or Large Map • Aerial Imagery/ Graphics • Whiteboard or Butcher paper board TLPs: Issue the OPORD

19. A WAY Operation Order Matrix AS OF 21JUN2009 Mission Situation Enemy MLCOA Enemy MDCOA Weather Enemy TTP Strip Map Route Alternate Route Commo Radio BFT Special Teams HLZ Litter Recovery Order of March Special Equipment EOF Kit HLZ Kit CLS Equipment • ISR ASSETS FOR MISSION

20. Troop Leading Procedures (9 of 9) Key Tasks: • Receive the Mission • Issue the Warning Order • Make a tentative plan • Initiate movement • Reconnoiter • Complete the plan • Issue the Operations Order • Supervise • Rehearsals • COMMEX • Test Fires • PCC/PCI TLPs: Supervise

21. Rehearsals Rehearsals ensure: • Everyone in the convoy understands and demonstrates a capability to execute the plan and essential battle drills • Misunderstandings with execution of the battle drills are discovered and corrected • All assets in the convoy and planned potential support in the AO are integrated • Confidence is instilled within the convoy and it is prepared for combat Things to consider: • Walk-through rehearsals (rock drills) • Mounted rehearsals • On-The-Spot Corrections

22. COMMEX • FM (SINCGARS or ASIP SINCGARS) checks between vehicles and higher HQs • - Primary frequency • - Alternate frequency • Digital (FBCB2/BFT) checks between vehicles and higher HQs • Cell phone (Iridium) checks between key leaders and higher HQs (if applicable)

23. PACE Dismounts W/ man pack EMERGENCY

24. Test Fires Before: • Coordinate with S3 for time and location of convoy test fires. Account for Surface Danger Zones (SDZs)---where you are firing vs. maximum effective range of weapons systems • Coordinate for unit armorer or armament personnel on-site for test fire (if available) • During: • Test fire all crew-served weapons • Test fire all individual weapons • After: • Report completion to higher HQs

25. PCC/PCI Pre-Combat Inspections (PCIs) and Pre-Combat Checks (PCCs) are key to ensuring leaders, trainers and soldiers are adequately prepared to execute operations and training to Army standards. They are detailed final checks that all units conduct before and during execution of training and combat operations. - FM 7-22.7 • Ensures that the unit has: • All weapon systems • Communications equipment • Classes of supply • Special Kits

26. Sample PCC/PCI Checklists Individual and Vehicle Checklist LZ Checklist

27. Key Personnel/ Functions/ Locations Convoy Commander • Overall responsible for planning and executing convoy • Ultimate on-ground decision maker • Optimal location for C2 is in the center or just forward of center • Assistant Convoy Commander • Responsible for logistics and maintenance and other key equipment in support of the convoy • Supervises medical treatment and evacuation of casualties (CCP) • Travels in the rear of convoy to monitor rear security • Lead Vehicle Commander • Experienced subordinate leader responsible for navigation and convoy speed • Communicates CPs, danger areas, and turns to convoy commander • Travels as lead vehicle in the convoy • Vehicle Commander • Responsible for all logistics on assigned vehicle • Responsible for PCCs on assigned vehicle • Responsible for security and actions on endstate

28. Special Teams/Functions/ Locations • CLS/ Medics • Render medical treatment and supervises evacuation of casualties • If multiple- locate throughout convoy • If limited- locate at rear of convoy under ACC supervision/ direction • Aid & Litter Teams • Two man buddy teams that provide buddy aid and evacuate casualties under supervision of CLS/ Medic • Located at rear of convoy under the supervision of CLS/ Medic • Maintenance Recovery Team • Wheeled maintenance and recovery vehicle preferred with mechanics • Conducts hasty recovery with (pre-rigged) tow chains/ tow bars (rehearsals key) • Must be capable of recovering any vehicle in the convoy • Located as second to last vehicle in the convoy • Landing Zone Team • Minimum of two personnel responsible for establishing and marking the LZ • Responsible for LZ Kit and LZ kit inventory • Located near rear of convoy

29. SMALL CONVOY Basic Convoy Organization (Head, Main Body, Trail)

30. Blocking Intersection TTP Dependant on Rules of Engagement

31. Deliberate Low Clear TTP Dependant on Rules of Engagement

32. S2/ COIST Debrief • Upon Completion of Convoy operations the all participants in the convoy must participate in a debrief for the S2 or COIST personnel. This is to provide real time intelligence collected from the battle field. • The S2 or COIST personnel then push the intelligence forward.

33. S2/ COIST Debrief • Debriefs are your primary method of pushing information from the bottom up. • Specific entities are crucial for debrief databases, as they are needed both for searching and for link analysis. • Pictures added to debriefs can also lead S2 to make connections about entities. • COISTS must enforce the debrief standard, ensure names, specific locations, and specific points of reference are written into the debrief so as to facilitate later searching. • By utilizing TIGRNET properly the commander can ascertain where his units have gone and where they have not, as well as if there has been any pattern set in the SP and RP times.

34. mTBI • Mild Traumatic Brain Injury • All involved in a blast need to report to higher • Initial injury Symptoms • LOC? • Seeing stars, dazed, confused • Memory • Headache • Other physical symptoms

35. Rules of Engagement/Rules Of Interaction • ROE are directives that explain the circumstances and limitations under which US forces initiate and continue combat engagement with forces encountered. These rules reflect the requirements of the laws of war, operational concerns, and political considerations when the operational environment shifts from peace to conflict and back to peace. Rules of Engagement are Classified. • ROI embody the human dimension of combat. They lay the foundation for successful relationships with the myriad of factions and individuals that play critical roles in the BCT's operations. ROI encompass an array of interpersonal communication skills, such as persuasion and negotiation.

36. Use of Force Restrictions on conducting operations and using force must be clearly explained and understood by everyone. Soldiers must understand that their actions, no matter how minor, may have far-reaching positive or negative effects. Ref: FM 3-90, Tactics

37. Medical ROE • All US personnel are entitled to health care. • US forces treated in non-US facilities on emergency basis only. Transfer to US MTF must occur once patient is stabilized. • Local nationals will be treated and hospitalized by US Forces as follows: • To preserve life, limb or eyesight • Treat conditions directly resulting from US military action • Once a local national patient is stabilized, the patient must be transferred to a local MTF • Medical treatment of allied military personnel is a national responsibility. • US contractors, e.g. American Red Cross, are entitled to health care and should they become casualties will be treated and evacuated to a US MTF.

38. Collective Battle Drills • Hasty Vehicle Recovery • Dismount (Short and Long Halts) • 5 / 25 Technique • React To Contact • React to an IED • Escalation of Force

39. 5 and 25 Technique 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 meter scan around vehicles When a convoy or patrol of any size or composition stops for a short halt and remains mounted,every member of the element scans a 5 meter area around their vehicle(s) for IEDs 1 25 meter scan around vehicles When a convoy or patrol of any size or composition stops for a long halt, designated members of the element will dismount and search at least a 25 meter area around their vehicle(s) for IEDs 1

40. HLZ Operations • GROUND FIRM ENOUGH TO SUPPORT THE HELICOPTER. • SHOULD BE FREE OF SAND, SNOW OR LOOSE DEBRIS (WHITE OUT, BROWN OUT CONDITIONS)

41. Composite Risk Management 3 2 Assess Hazards Develop Controls & Make Decisions Identify Hazards 1 4 Implement Controls 5 Supervise & Evaluate

42. Summary • Common Trends • Time Management • Troop Leading Procedures • ROE/ROI • EOF • Battle Drills • HLZ • Composite Risk Management

43. Questions