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ISSUES ON TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT

ISSUES ON TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT. DEBESH BHOWMIK INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (KOLKATA ). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. THERE ARE 21 TRIBES FROM WHICH PRESENT TRIBALS HAVE EMERGED ( eg , Ak -Chin Indian Community, Cocopah Indian Tribe, Colorado River Indian Tribes , so on )

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ISSUES ON TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT

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  1. ISSUES ON TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT DEBESH BHOWMIK INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (KOLKATA)

  2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • THERE ARE 21 TRIBES FROM WHICH PRESENT TRIBALS HAVE EMERGED (eg , Ak-Chin Indian Community, Cocopah Indian Tribe, Colorado River Indian Tribes , so on ) • I HAVE GIVEN 50 NAMES OF PRESENT INDIAN TRIBES , eg,Abors,Adi, Apatani, Khampi, Miri,Tagin,Angani,Ao,Rangma,Sema, etc. • In India , 84.51 million tribes ie 8.14% of total population where 697 types of tribes under Art-342, Orissa contains 62 types of tribes. • MP acquired 14.51% of ST population followed by Maharastra (10.17%)Orissa(9.66%),Gujrat etc.

  3. THEIR POVERTY RATIOS ARE VERY HIGH.-Orissa contains 61.8% urban ST population living below the poverty line, followed by Karnataka ,Bihar, MP,Uttarakhand,Orissa etc. • In rural ,Orissa contains highest percentage of ST population below the poverty line (75.6%) followed by MP(58.6%),Maharastra (56.6%), Chhattisgarh ,Jharkhand,Bihar etc. • According to religion , Christian (32.8%) followed by Zoroastrianism (15.90%), Hinduism(9.10%),etc. • ST literacy rate is 47.10% , M-59.17% , F-34.76% • ST enrollment ,Boys – 114.7 , Girls - 104.2 • Infant mortality/1000 live birth of ST is 62.1, under-5 mortality is 95.7 and child mortality rate is 35.8 are too high.

  4. EDUCATION FOR TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT • Plan of Intervention [1] focus on access to elementary education (free and compulsory), [2] special attention to ST areas,[3] focus on quality of education(free books,dress,scholarship, lodging, special coaching,knowledge of tribal dilect,),[4] monitoring and evaluation(DISE based education management information system,sub-mission on education for sc/st[5] introduce RastriyaMadhyamikShiskha Mission ( free and compulsory madhyamik education),[6] emphasis on higher education and research.

  5. FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT • 1ST Plan – Welfare for ST and spl.attention • 2nd plan- same + identified ST blocs • 3rd plan – Reduction of disparities • 4th plan – to hike standard of living of ST • 5th plan – Tribal Sub Plan and integrated Tribal Development Project, • 6th plan – Modified Area Development Approach • 7th plan –Tribal cooperative, tribal finance corporation • 8th plan – restriction on NTFP,min wage

  6. 9th plan – to emphasis on social empowerment, economic empowerment and social justice, set up ministry of tribal affairs, • 10th plan – more emphasis on education of st • In 11th plan , the status of TSP and its outlays are shown including source of funds. • Gov. of India assured constitutional guarantees in social, economic and political life of ST ,amending various articles. • Introduce d forest policy-2006 including tribal rights through PESA

  7. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOT ST • TO CORRELATE FOREST,ENVIRONMENT AND TRIBES • TO ASSURE TRIBAL RIGHT IN FOREST IN BOTH TIMBER AND NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCE , HOMESTEAD LAND BESIDE FOREST • SECURE FREE HEALTH AND EDUCATION, • EDUCATION AND TRAINING,GUARANTEE EMPLOYMENT • TO SET UP TRIBAL ENERGY PLAN IN SOLAR ENERGY , BIO-FUEL,BIO-GAS,WIND ENERGY

  8. ALLOW ENTREPRENURESHIP IN FOREST, MINING,TRADE AND COMMERCE • FORM SHG AMONG WOMEN • EMPHASIS ON MICRO PLAN AND FINANCE • ENHANCE TRIBAL CULTURE • ENLIST TRIBAL LANGUAGE • TO CALCULATE DISAGGREGATIVE HUMAN POVERTY INDEX , HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, GENDER DEVELOPMENT INDEX, GENDER EMPOWERMENT MEASURE INDEX FOR ST TO ADD IN INCLUSIVE GROWTH PROCESS IN THE PLAN

  9. TRIBAL UNREST • TO MINIMISE TRIBAL UNREST, THEIR DEPRIVATION,HUNGER,SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND FREEDOM SHOULD BE ELIMINATED • GOVT. SPECIAL TASK FORCE SHOULD BE APPLIED TO EXECUTE IN AN EMERGENCY MANNER • GOVT MUST ASSURE THEIR PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT AND FOOD SECURITY • ENLIST THEM IN MAIN STREAM DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

  10. THANK YOUTHANK YOU VERY MUCH

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