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World Religions A Brief History

World Religions A Brief History. Judaism. About 14 million adherents Ethnic / Monotheistic Founder: Abraham Hearth: Middle East 1 st Monotheistic religion. Judaism. ABRAHAM SARAH HAGAR Isaac Ishmael Judeo-Christian Islamic. Judaism – Basic Beliefs. One God

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World Religions A Brief History

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  1. World Religions A Brief History

  2. Judaism • About 14 million adherents • Ethnic / Monotheistic • Founder: Abraham • Hearth: Middle East • 1st Monotheistic religion

  3. Judaism ABRAHAM SARAH HAGAR Isaac Ishmael Judeo-Christian Islamic

  4. Judaism – Basic Beliefs • One God • God’s “Chosen” people • Do not recognize Jesus as the messiah • VERY tied to the land - Israel

  5. Judaism - Divisions • Hasidic Jews - Ultra Orthodox

  6. Christianity • 2 billion adherents – largest • Universalizing/Monotheistic • Founder: Jesus • Hearth: Palestine - Jesus was born in Palestine during the height of the Roman Empire.

  7. Christianity - Basics • One God • Jesus is the messiah – son of God. • Jesus died for the sins of all people.

  8. Christianity - Divisions • During the Middle Ages - THE GREAT SCHISM • Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox split • Disagreed over using icons (images of God-Jesus-Saints)

  9. Christianity - Divisions • During the Renaissance – THE REFORMATION • Some felt the Church was corrupt and abusing its power. • Martin Luther – German monk • Protestant – Broke away from Rome. • Hundreds of Protestant divisions (Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist)

  10. Christianity - Divisions • The Church of England • Same time as Reformation

  11. Church of England

  12. Islam • 1.3 billion adherents – second • Universalizing/Monotheistic • Founder: Muhammad • Hearth: Mecca (Modern day Saudi Arabia)

  13. Islam - Basics • One God (Same God as Christians and Jews) • 5 pillars - Only one God (Allah) and Muhammad is his prophet. - pray 5 times daily facing Mecca - Giving to the poor - Fasting during Ramadan - Pilgrimage to Mecca

  14. Islam - Divisions • When Muhammad died there was disagreement over who should succeed him. • Muslims split into two groups: SUNNI SHIITE (Shi’a) Caliph Muh. Descendant

  15. Hinduism • 900 million adherents - third • Ethnic/Monotheistic • Founder: No specific • Hearth: Northwestern India one of the most ancient religions.

  16. Hinduism - Basics • One God – Brahman • Brahman is “manifest” as hundreds of different gods. • Goal: To be united with Brahman at death. • Takes many lifetimes – reincarnation.

  17. Hinduism - Divisions • Not really “divisions” • Most Hindu’s ally themselves with a specific god. • Vaishnavism – Vishnu • Sivaism - Shiva

  18. Buddhism • 400 million adherents • Universalizing / non-theistic • Founder: Siddartha Guatama (the Buddha) • Hearth: Present day Nepal. North of India.

  19. Buddhism - Basics • Goal – Achieve enlightenment • 4 Noble Truths - to live is to endure suffering - suffering is caused by desire - Cure for suffering = end desire (Nirvana) - Achieve Nirvana by following the eightfold path

  20. Buddhism - Basics • If you reach Nirvana you are freed from the cycle of rebirth.

  21. Buddhism - Divisions • Followers disagreed on how to interpret the teachings of the Buddha (Siddartha Guatama) • Mahayana • Theravada • Tantrayana • Tibetan

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