Emerging Energy Technologies

1. Emerging Energy Technologies Gerry Braun PANC 2011 Annual Seminar May 16, 2011

2. Outline • Decentralized Energy - Governor Brown’s Clean Energy and Jobs Plan • Momentum - Utility Scale Renewable Energy • Acceleration - Building Integrated Electric Systems • Managing Diversity - Communities at the Energy Crossroads • Convergent Industries – Energy and Information

3. Governor Brown’s Clean Energy and Jobs Plan – Renewable Integration Elements Build 12,000 Megawatts of Localized Electricity Generation Build 8,000 Megawatts of Large Scale Renewables & Necessary Transmission Lines Deal with Peak Energy Needs and Develop Energy Storage Create New Efficiency Standards for New Buildings Make Existing Buildings More Efficient Adopt Stronger Appliance Efficiency Standards Develop 6500 Megawatts of Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Projects Appoint a Renewable Energy Jobs Czar

4. Renewable Energy Supply Menu

5. California Renewable Electricity Supply Curve Source: Energy and Environmental Economics, http://www.ethree.com/public_projects/cpuc2.html

6. Long Term California Utility Scale Renewable Electricity Supply Portfolio High temperature thermal energy storage can be used to configure concentrating thermal power plants for peaking, intermediate and even seasonal base-load capability. Off shore wind plants have higher capacity factors and greater predictability than on shore plants. Geothermal plants can be configured for ramping capability.

7. Renewable Energy Secure Building Concept Source: BP Solar

8. Vision for PEV Market Expansion Source: http://www.evcollaborative.org/strategic-plan

9. Renewable Energy Secure Community (RESCO) Building Blocks RESCO California wants all new residential and commercial buildings to be net zero by 2020 and 2030. In some contexts, net zero communities may make even more practical and economic sense. Relative to large renewable power plants, community based renewable sources may help avoid rather than require new electric transmission infrastructure. They bring into play high quality clean energy resources that would not receive development attention otherwise, in many cases with locally acceptable or negligible environmental impact. Source: California Energy Commission

10. Economic Impact of Indigenous Energy • Iceland is a volcanic island and a micro-state surrounded by the North-Atlantic Ocean (103.000 km2) with a total population of only 320.000 inhabitants (cf. California at 403,934 km2) • During the course of the 20th Century Iceland changed from being among Europe’s poorest countries, depending upon peat and imported coal for its energy, to a country with the world highest living standard (with Norway) • A substantial part of Iceland prosperity in the latter half of the 20th century can be attributed to increased use of indigenous renewable energy sources • Iceland is now on a mission to eliminate the use of fossil fuels over the next few decades

11. West Village Energy Initiative Goals • Affordable living for 5000 UC Davis faculty and students • Zero net energy from the regional grid on an annual basis • Hyper energy conservation measures • Multiple community scale renewable resources • Smart grid functionality • No higher cost to the developer or customer First phase in construction for occupancy in Fall, 2011

12. 21st Century Renewable Energy Deployment Scenarios

13. 20th Century Grid • Centralized electricity supply • One way power flow at the meter and up-stream • “Revenue” metering • Price signals packaged in monthly bills • Consumer cost build-up: • Electric and gas energy priced according to usage period • Capacity priced according to peak demand during billing period • Indirect costs allocated according to customer category • Regulatory interest in protecting the utility’s access to low cost capital

14. Relevant Models and Concepts Adaptive: Transformative: Net Zero Energy and/or Renewable Energy Secure Buildings Net Zero Community (Energy or Carbon) Renewable Energy Secure Communities Continuously Dispatchable Demand Response Microgrid Networks • Smart Sub-station • Distributed Utility • Net metering • Demand Response (DR) • Micro-grid • Virtual Power Plant • Virtual Net Metering • Integrated Renewable Energy Systems Adaptive = Utilities and regulators lead implementation Transformative = Energy consumers and competitive energy suppliers lead implementation

15. 21st Century Grid • Distributed and centralized electricity supply • Bi-directional power flow at the meter and upstream • Pervasive “net” metering and “smart” meters • Actionable real time price information plus automated response at the point of use • Consumer cost build-up: • Electricity and gas purchases for specific uses at specific times • Levelized payments on energy supply and efficiency investments • Opportunity costs related to “use or sell” decisions • Policy interest in infrastructure modernization

16. Conclusions - 1 • California can pioneer the effective integration of utility, community and building scale renewable electricity generation, using natural gas as a bridge fuel. • Utility scale solar, high temperature storage, off shore wind and new geothermal resources will allow reliable and efficient operation of California’s current high voltage transmission system • California’s current transmission infrastructure must be modernized to accommodate this low carbon supply mix

17. Conclusions - 2 • The market for building integrated electric systems able to charge electric vehicles and optimize the economic value of integrated supply and storage can accelerate rapidly where it is enabled to operate. • Communities will be at the nexus of energy infrastructure transformation and have the opportunity to gain economic advantage by learning to manage an expanding diversity of new energy supply, delivery, usage and financing options. • Energy related industries will be a market for information industry solutions, opening major opportunities for both.

18. Thank you! gwbraun@ucdavis.edu http://cal-ires.ucdavis.edu/