Emerging Energy Technologies for Manitoba

1. Emerging Energy Technologiesfor Manitoba Presented to Renewable Energy Class February 10, 2011 By Tom Molinski, P.Eng. EOE Emerging Energy Systems

2. What are Emerging Energy Technologies Not Conventional Energy Systems Includes: • Wind • Small Hydro • Bioenergy • Solar • Geothermal • Small Thermal • H2 and FC • Energy Storage • Engines • PHEV & EV

3. Wind Power in Manitoba • St. Leon, MB • St. Joseph, MB • Constructed in 2006 • 63 Wind Turbines • Power to 40,000 homes • Under Construction • 60 Wind Turbines • Power to 50,000 homes

4. Lightning Strikes on Wind Turbines • Approx. 400,000 to 700,000 strikes in Manitoba annually • Increase of strikes on wind turbines due to height • Lightning may puncture and penetrate blade • Energy discharge causes severe damage • 20-30 faults / 100 turbines / year

5. Cowboy Wisdom “Everybody gets so much information all day long that they lose their common sense” ...Gertrude Stein

6. Wind Technology Developments RECHARGE, Issue 14, April 17, 2009

7. Kinetic Turbine Research Project Partners • Manitoba Hydro • University of Manitoba • New Energy • UEK • Manitoba HVDC Research Center Purpose • Test reliability, efficiency and deployment • Winter testing • Cost • R&D Stage • Presently uneconomic in MB

9. New Energy Pontoon Boat at Pointe du Bois

10. Bio-Energy Combustion • Direct • Co-fired Thermochemical • Pyrolysis • Gasification Biochemical • Anaerobic Digestion • Landfill Gas • Ethanol Fermentation

11. Canadian Solar Atlas Source: Natural Resources Canada

12. BIPV - Red River College

13. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

14. Solar Comparison * Payback assumes solar thermal would replace natural gas

15. Space Solar Power

16. Solar Tower

17. Beware of Solar Power!

18. Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)

19. Manitoba Heat Flow Map Preliminary Results • 90°C - 100°C@ 3 to 4 km depths • Sufficient temperature for district heating and possible electrical generation

20. Thermal to Electric Conversion • Small Steam • Organic Rankine • Brayton • Entropic

22. Energy Storage • Batteries • Fuel Cells • Capacitors • Flywheels • Compressed Air • Pumped Hydro • Thermal Storage • Super Conducting Coils

23. ENGINES

24. PHEV Research Project • Approved June 29, 2005 • Purchased 2005 Toyota Prius Hybrid • Modify for plug-in capability • 30 mile net electric range • Operate and collect data for one year • Goals • Operation and reliability • Cold weather capability • Effects of PHEVs on the MH system • Feasibility of off-peak charging • Promote technology and increase public awareness • Converted in Monrovia, Calif. August 14, 2006 • 2nd conversion: U of M, April 10, 2007

25. Cowboy Wisdom • “If I’d asked my customers what they wanted, they’d have said a faster horse” Henry Ford

26. Why Is MH Interested in Emerging Energy Technologies • Prepares MH to adopt new technologies • 5000 MW undev hydro last till 2050 • Niche applications • Kinetic Turbines • Increasing TBL advantages • Stakeholder interest

27. What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge in Energy Use? • Over reliance on fossil fuels • High cost of energy to consumers • Environmental cost of producing energy • Environmental cost of consuming energy • Running out of oil and natural gas • Not sure

28. What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge in Energy Use? • Over reliance on fossil fuels • High cost of energy to consumers • Environmental cost of producing energy • Environmental cost of consuming energy • Running out of oil and natural gas • Not sure

29. What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge in Energy Use?

30. Which Renewable (excluding hydro) Generates the Most Electricity in Canada? • Wind • Solar • Geothermal • Biomass • Not sure

31. Which Renewable Generates the Most Electricity in Canada?

32. What is Driving Emerging Energy Get me outta here! • Climate change • Reduce pollution • Energy security • Non-renewable sources are limited • Technological advances • Subsidies, etc

33. Oil Discovery vs Consumption Consumption This surplus fills the gap ? Past discovery by ExxonMobil USA consumption Source: Past data from ExxonMobil, US data from DOE

34. Cowboy Wisdom “When gasoline hits $10/litre, I’ll keep my car and buy a loyal horse to pull it six days a week. On the 7th day, I’ll switch back to gasoline and the horse can take a break and ride with me”..

35. Not Just For Transportation

36. Not Just For Transportation

37. What is Driving Emerging Energy • Climate change • Reduce pollution • Energy security • Non-renewable sources are limited • Technological advances • Subsidies, etc

38. What is Driving Emerging Energy • Climate change • Reduce pollution • Energy security • Non-renewable sources are limited • Technological advances • Subsidies, etc

39. Barriers to Emerging Energy • Higher costs than conventional • GHG Credits and REC too low • Infrastructure barriers • Lack of familiarity with equipment • Intermittent sources need energy storage • BANANA

40. Barriers to Emerging Energy • Higher costs than conventional • GHG Credits and REC too low • Infrastructure barriers • Lack of familiarity with equipment • Intermittent sources need energy storage • BANANA

41. Energy Consumption in Manitoba Source: Energy in Manitoba, Manitoba Government

42. Renewable Energy Production

43. Conclusions • No current threat to hydro • Wind and bioenergy are close • Solar catching up • TBL, subsidies, & policies will help • Niche applications now • Large hydro supply all load till 2050 • Need MH & Provincial energy use strategy • Reduce fossil fuel use by expanding hydro et al • Consider electrified transportation, district energy, etc

44. Conclusions • No current threat to hydro • Wind and bioenergy are close • Solar catching up • TBL, subsidies, & policies will help • Niche applications now • Large hydro supply all load till 2050 • Need MH & Provincial energy use strategy • Reduce fossil fuel use by expanding hydro et al • Consider electrified transportation, district energy, etc

45. Cowboy Wisdom "It is better to keep your mouth shut and appear stupid than to open it and remove all doubt.” …Mark Twain

46. Questions?