English for Careers

1. English for Careers Chapter 8 Mastering Adjectives and Adverbs

2. Your goals for Chapter 8: Know the difference between adjectives and adverbs Use adjectives and adverbs correctly Use comparative forms of adjectives and adverbs correctly

3. Adjectives and adverbs are modifiers. Adjectives describe (modify) nouns or pronouns. Adverbs describe (modify) verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs

4. The four kinds of adjectives are Pointing: this, that, these, those I like these kinds of apples. That cake is tasty. 2. Articles: a, an, the An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

5. 3. Describing: Add details, depth, and color to language Consider some of the ways to describe an apple shiny ripe crunchy red rotten 4. Limiting: Define quantity -some, few, several, many John ate a fewapples.

6. Adverbs often - but not always - end with ly (often is an adverb – no ly) Adverb describing a verb Sofia sang beautifully. Adverb describing an adjective She is a beautifully gifted singer.

7. Adverb describing another adverb The detective very stupidlyfailed to spot a major clue. Did you know? The adverb very is probably the MOST overused adverb!

8. THIS and THAT and THESE and THOSE Use this and that with singular nouns - this soup, this kind, that dog, that apple Use these and those with plural nouns -these types, those kinds, those people

9. The articles A, AND,THE – If a word begins with a vowel sound, use an: an apple, an emblem, an injury, an odor, an umbrella ,an honor

10. Remember, vowel sound. an honest person a horror movie an unalterable mistake a uniform

11. Avoid double negatives When two negative words express one negative idea, the result is a double negative. It isn’t important to identify which negative words are adverbs and which are adjectives.

12. Two negatives shouldn’t be combined to express one negative idea. NO don’t never not neither nobody nowhere none never can’t never YES hardly ever not either nobody anywhere none ever can’t ever

13. Making comparisons with Adjectives and Adverbs Degrees of Comparison Positive = no comparison Comparative = comparing two Superlative = comparing three or more

14. The COMPARATIVE FORM - add er to compare two Positive He’s fast He’s clumsy He’s friendly Comparative She’s faster She’s clumsier She’s friendlier

15. With longer words, use more or less more beautiful more beautifully more logical more logically less careful less useful less extravagant less extravagantly

16. The SUPERLATIVE FORM – add est to compare three or more She is the prettier of the two girls. She is the prettiest of the three sisters.

17. Positive Comparative Superlative young younger youngest slow slower slowest pretty prettier prettiest

18. With longer words use more/most or less/least most/least intelligent most/least careful most/least expensive most/least intelligently most/least carefully most/least expensively

19. She is the more intelligent of the two candidates. She is the most intelligent candidate we have interviewed. He is less serious than his colleagues. He is the least serious of all his colleagues.

20. A rule to remember: Never put more, most, less, or least before a modifier ending in er or est

21. IRREGULAR adjectives and adverbs change form for comparisons Adjective good, better, best bad, worst, worst Adverb well, better, best badly, worse, worst Irregulars are unpredictable

22. Note how better is the comparative form for both good and well Sue is a good cook, but Tom is better. Lee cooks well, but Tom cooks better. Tom is the best cook of all.

23. Sure and real are adjectives; they cannot describe other adjectives. Use adverbs or nothing at all. I’m sure glad you asked. No! I’m surely glad you asked. Yes! I’m real tired. No! I’m really tired. Yes!

24. Checkpoint You can use adjectives and adverbs skillfully!