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Introduction

Introduction Urinary Tract Infections (UTI’s) are the most common acquired bacterial infections with more than 7 million cases reported annually in the United States. E. coli is the etiological agent in 70-90% UTI cases.

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Introduction

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  1. Introduction • Urinary Tract Infections (UTI’s) are the most common acquired bacterial infections with more than 7 million cases reported annually in the United States. • E. coli is the etiological agent in 70-90% UTI cases. • Incidence of UTI in females varies during stages of menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause indicating estrogen related etiology of UTI pathogenesis.

  2. Problem/purpose • Approximately 50% of women in all age groups will experience UTI in their lifetime. • Estimate, $1.6 billion spent on UTI treatment annually (1995). • Development of drug resistant has added to the complications in UTI and a critical need exists for the development of novel therapeutic strategies other than antibiotics. • The purpose of this proposal is to investigate which TNF receptor (I or II) is responsible for UTI clearance and to develop an alternative means of UTI treatment.

  3. Review of literature • Dechering et al. 2000. • Foxman et al. 2000. • Leckie et al. 2010. • Liu et al. 2011.

  4. Review literature contn TNFR (I & II) expression in ER αKO mice and WT mice Tumor Necrosis Receptors (I & II) expression in the bladder epithelial

  5. Question/Hypothesis • What receptor (TNFRI or II) is responsible for UTI clearance when ER α and β are disrupted? • Hypothesis: the disruption of estrogen receptors (α and β) in the bladder will increase the risk of UTI infection.

  6. Methods • Mice with estrogen receptors knockout • Control group (wild type) • Infect mice with E. coli • kill mice post ten days of infection • Take bladder (tissues) sections and mount on slides • Stain slides using immunohistochemistry technique

  7. Methods contn • Take pictures of stained tissues under microscope • Grade pictures base on stain intensity • With control been reference, compare the stained slides • Draw conclusion based on which receptor was expressed most during the infection and after disease clearance

  8. Limitation • Might be difficult to carry experiment on humans due to ethical reasons.

  9. Significance • Receptor expression can be up-regulated to help in UTI clearance. • Minimize the use of antibiotics in UTI treatment.

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