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Latin American Wars for Independence

Explore the causes, key players, effects, and lasting impact of the Latin American Wars for Independence in the early 19th century. Understand the struggles, achievements, and challenges faced by the newly independent nations.

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Latin American Wars for Independence

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  1. Latin American Wars for Independence Question: What long and short term factors caused the wars for independence in Latin America in the early 19th century (late 1700s and early 1800s)?

  2. Western Hemisphere Colonies at 1763

  3. Causes of the Latin American Movements for Independence Long term causes Short term causes Other successful Revolutions (American, French, Haitian) “Trigger” >> Napoleon invades Spain • Creole class discontent • Limitations of Free Trade • Weak Gov’t and Military • Nationalism • Racism

  4. Why were different groups dissatisfied with colonialism?

  5. Spanish govt, culture, and religion develops in Latin Americacolonization—16th -18th centuries Spanish crown establishes political and economic authority in Latin AmericaBourbon Reforms—mid 18th century Haitian Revolution >>Haiti is declared a Republic -- 1804 Napoleon invades Spain“Spanish ulcer”—1808 Struggle for independence begins:factions develop in Latin Americaconservatives v liberalsCreoles led movement—1810 – Why? Restoration of the Crown in Spain :struggle for independence continuesroyalists vs. patriotsKing Ferdinand VII—1814-1825

  6. Latin American Revolutions Toussaint L’OuvertureLeads a Revolutionin Haiti(1804)

  7. Latin American Revolutions Simón Bolivar: The “Brains”of theRevolution

  8. Latin American Revolutions Jose de San Martin: The “Muscle”of theRevolution

  9. Bolivar & San Martin Fight for Independence!

  10. Does independence mean stability? Bolivar’sFailure Bolivar’s Accomplishment After uniting Venezuela, Colombia, & Ecuador into Gran Colombia, he left to help free the rest of Latin America. He died a year later, with his goal of uniting all of South America unfulfilled.

  11. LatinAmerican StatesAfter the Revolutions

  12. Evaluation of the Revolutions • By the mid-1820s, revolts create many newly-independent nations • No unity among the new nations • Wars brought more poverty • Individual revolutions differed in character and course, :. outcomes varied

  13. Immediate Political Outcomes • Independence from Spain • No immediate political stability • Legacy of military leadership left many nations under military dictatorships • Wealthy Creole “reformers” who took power through coup d’etats, took away basic human rights, engaged in nepotism

  14. Does independence mean liberalism over conservativism? What is the message of this political cartoon?

  15. Does independence mean freedom from foreign control?

  16. Immediate Socio-Economic Outcomes • Lingering institutions of slavery • Brazil (1888) • Persistence of racial inequalities, but measure of assimilation and social mobility • Destruction of colonial economic systems

  17. So, by 1825, most Latin American colonies became Independent. What happened next? What were the long-term effects? To what extent were these Latin American countries able to establish Enlightenment ideas / Revolutionary goals by the end of the 1800s / 1900?

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