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South Africa & Apartheid

South Africa & Apartheid. US Global Studies 10 Mr. Riddlebarger. Apartheid. Pronounced uh PAHR tayt A policy of racial separation in South Africa from during most of the 20 th Century. South African history.

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South Africa & Apartheid

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  1. South Africa & Apartheid US Global Studies 10 Mr. Riddlebarger

  2. Apartheid • Pronounced uh PAHR tayt • A policy of racial separation in South Africa from during most of the 20th Century.

  3. South African history • 1652: 1st permanent European settlement (Cape Town) established at tip of South Africa by Dutch settlers. • Supply port for shipping: Europe to East Indies • Dutch farmers (Boers) settle around the area. • Kill , enslave or oust inhabitants of area. • Used religion to justify view of Africans as inferior. • Over the years, Boers continue migrated North of Cape Town.

  4. Zulu Nation • Early 1800’s, Zulu’s, under their leader Shaka, are a major force in Southern Africa • Zulu’s conquer other tribal groups which puts pressure on the region • 1830’s: they will clash with the Boers over land

  5. Zulus v. Boers • Britain had taken over Cape Colony in 1815. • Boers resent British restrictions on laws outlawing slavery • They pack up and head on a northward migration, “The Great Trek” • As they expanded out, ultimately, two cultures will collide: Zulus vs. Boers. • Zulus hold own initially • Boers are mounted and well-armed and ultimately prevail (fighting until late 1800’s)

  6. Boer War • Gold & diamonds discovered on Boer lands in late 1800’s • Leads to a clash between Boers and British • Boer War (1899-1902) is won by the British but at a great cost • Grew unpopular at home- concentration camps • 1910: British unite Cape Colony and Boer lands into Union of South Africa

  7. Union of South Africa • Creation of the Union of South Africa after Boer Wars will lay the foundation of a government with complete racial segregation • Run by whites • Lasts until 1993

  8. 1910-’s to 1940’s • Whites will strengthen their hold on South Africa • A system of racial segregation is set up to ensure white dominance in: • Economics • Politics • Society • Better paying jobs go to whites • Best lands went to whites; blacks moved to “reserves” • Black had to carry a pass (ID) at all times • No voting by blacks • Whites make up less than 20% of the population

  9. Expansion of Apartheid • Apartheid system becomes more strict beginning in 1948 • Separation of the races • Supporters say it will allow each race to develop its own culture • In fact, designed to ensure white control of South Africa • Blacks treated like foreigners in their own country.

  10. Resistance • A nationalist movement (with some support from Christian churches & newspapers) begins demanding rights for blacks • African National Congress (ANC) is formed • Builds framework for political action that pays off years later • No impact is made upon the white South African government initially

  11. Sharpeville • ANC will organize marches & boycotts to protest apartheid • 1960- police gun down 69 in peaceful demonstration in Sharpeville (black township) • Gov. will ban ANC & begins crackdown on those opposed to apartheid.

  12. Impact • Sharpeville pushes ANC to move toward an armed struggle • Nelson Mandela goes underground • He had been an organizer of peaceful resistance • Now joins militants for armed struggle • Arrested, tried and condemned to life in prison for treason against apartheid • Becomes a symbol for freedom & change.

  13. Mandela on trial (1964) “I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons will live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal for which I hope to live for and to see realized. But, My Lord, if it needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

  14. 1980’s • International pressure upon South Africa increases • Demands to end apartheid • Release of Mandela • Many countries impose sanctions on South Africa • Bishop Desmond Tutu wins 1984 Nobel Peace Prize for nonviolent position on apartheid

  15. Apartheid Ends • Pressure forces President F.W. de Klerk to end apartheid • 1990: lifts ban on ANC & free Mandela • 1994: all races can vote for the 1st time

  16. Mandela Elected • Mandela is the 1st president of a truly democratic S. Africa • Helped heal wounds by bringing former enemies into his government • “Let us build together” • Today, large economic gap remains between races • Many social issues remain

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