Planetary Instrument Definition & Development Program (PIDDP)

1. Planetary Instrument Definition & Development Program (PIDDP) Planetary Science Division / Science Mission Directorate April 28, 2007 Jonathan A. R. Rall Discipline Scientist

2. PIDDP • Supports initial definition and development of innovative instruments for future missions in Discovery, New Frontiers, Mars Exploration Programs and planetary flagship missions • Limited to TRL 1-4 (breadboard, not brassboard) • Instrument technology to measure atmospheric and surface composition, particles and fields, and properties of bodies in the solar system • Sample collection and sample handling, drills, etc.

3. Past & Current Instrument Technology Development Programs at NASA

4. Fig. 1 NASA Instrument development programs currently cover a number of science and exploration goals, but there is a critical gap between feasibility and flight readiness for instruments designed for the outer planets and lunar programs. Instrument Development - SMD

5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TRL Integrated Science Instrument Maturation Program 2 Months PI Instrument Concept Lab Instrument Or Heritage Instrument Core Instrument Concept Definition & Development (TRL 1-4) Focused Instrument Technology Development (TRL 5-6) Mission of Opportunity MOO (TRL 7-9) • ROSES Programs (Core & Focused) with multi-divisional components (Planetary, Astrophysics, Heliophysics, Earth) • TRL assessment following each of the first two year’s work • TRL assessment by board at the end of the final year’s work • Core awards up to 5 yrs @ ~$225 K/yr • Focused awards up to 5 yrs @ ~$450 K /yr • Number of new starts dependent on budget • Annual AO with multi-divisional components • Class III and/or Suborbital Q&A and review processes • Awards are for 3 yrs @ $1 - 3M /yr • ROSES NRA Proposal • Missions of Opportunity (MoO) AO Proposal

6. PIDDP Review Process • What’s the review process? • If it’s FY07, why are we just hearing about PIDDP PY06? • Why does it often take a year to hear about my proposal? • Why do the consensus reviews sometimes seem like they’ve reviewed someone else’s proposal?

7. Schedule ROSES 2006 PIDDP • NRA released January 23, 2006 • NOIs due June 16, 2006 • Proposals due Sept 27, 2006 • Review Panel Meeting February 20-23, 2007 • Initial Selection March 27, 2007 • Next Deadline August 3, 2007

8. PIDDP Panel Review

9. PIDDP06 Proposal - Breakdown by Institution

10. PIDDP Awards - by Institution

11. PIDDP Awards by Amount

12. PIDDP Recent History *Initial selection, will possibly increase with additional funding and further selections

13. PIDDP Lifecycle • Instruments on MSL have PIDDP heritage • ChemCam, CheMin, SAM, cameras • CheMin XRF/XRD as example lifecycle • PIDDP 1994 and 1997 • ASTID 2000 • MIDP 2002 • MSL selection 2004

14. Chemistry & Mineralogy (CheMin) Principal Investigator: David Blake NASA Ames Research Center CheMin performs quantitative mineralogy and elemental composition • X-ray diffraction & X-ray fluorescence (XRD/XRF); standard techniques for laboratory analysis • Identification and quantification of minerals in geologic materials (e.g., basalts, evaporites, soils)

15. Chemistry & Micro-Imaging (ChemCam) Principal Investigator: Roger Wiens Los Alamos National Laboratory Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements ChemCam performs elemental analyses through laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy • Rapid characterization of rocks and soils from a distance of up to 9 meters • 240-800 nm spectral range • Dust removal over a ~1-cm region; depth profiling within a ~1-mm spot • Helps classify hydrated minerals, ices, organic molecules, and weathering rinds • High-resolution context imaging (resolves 0.8 mm at 10 m) Basalt LIBS Spectrum Spectrometers Mast Unit

16. Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) Principal Investigator: Paul Mahaffy NASA Goddard Space Flight Center SAM Suite Instruments Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMS) Gas Chromatograph (GC) Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS) • Search for organic compounds of biotic and prebiotic relevance, including methane, and explore sources and destruction paths for carbon compounds • Reveal chemical state of other light elements that are important for life as we know it on Earth • Study the habitability of Mars by measuring oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide • Investigate atmospheric and climate evolution through isotope measurements of noble gases and light elements • QMS: molecular and isotopic composition in the 2-535 Dalton mass range for atmospheric and evolved gas samples • GC: resolves complex mixtures of organics into separate components • TLS: abundance and precision (3-50 per mil) isotopic composition of CH4, H2O, CO2, N2O, and H2O2

17. PIDDP Success JPL / Mars Laser Hygrometer (MLH) / Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer Dr. Webster's Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS) was selected as part of the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on board the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) due to launch in 2009 “Stratospheric Monitoring Using a Balloon‑borne Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer”, C.R. Webster and R.T. Menzies, Laser Analyt. Lett. 1, 1 (1984).

18. MSL Mars Decent Imager The MARDI requirement will be drawn from the optics designed as part of the PIDDP study (FOV = 73.4° ).

19. Mars Observer Camera (MOC) The Principal Investigator acknowledges pre-mission support through PIDDP grants NAGW-524 and NASW-4075

20. SHIMMER - Spatial Hetereodyne Spectrometer NRL SHIMMER on STPSat-1 now Operational NRL SSD Code 7640; March 23, 2007 An innovative ultraviolet atmospheric sounder built at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) was launched into low earth orbit on Thursday, March 8on the Space Test Program Satellite-1 (STPSat-1; Illustration -Right). The Atlas V launch from Cape The two main goals of the SHIMMER mission are to demonstrate SHS for long-duration (greater than one year) spaceflight, and to measure altitude profiles of the hydroxyl radical (OH) between 40 and 100 km altitude.

21. PIDDP Questions?