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INTRODUCTION TO SELF CARE ACTIVITIES

INTRODUCTION TO SELF CARE ACTIVITIES. Activities of Daily Living [ Lecture No. 08]. Activities of Daily living(ADL). Introduction

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INTRODUCTION TO SELF CARE ACTIVITIES

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO SELF CARE ACTIVITIES Activities of Daily Living [ Lecture No. 08]

  2. Activities of Daily living(ADL) • Introduction Activities of Daily Living (ADL) is used in rehabilitation as an umbrella term relating to self care, comprising those activities or tasks that people undertake routinely in their every day life.

  3. Categorization of ADL • Basic ADL (BADL): It is typically restricted to activities involving functional mobility and personal care. • Instrumental ADL (IADL): instrumental activities of daily living functions are concerned with a person's ability to cope with her/his environment.[domestic and community activities]

  4. Basic ADL’s (BADL) • Self-Care • Mobility • Communication • Management of Environmental Hardware and devices [Operating bolts of doors/windows, electrical switches etc.] • Sexual expression

  5. Self-Care • Feeding • Grooming • Dressing • Bathing • Toileting

  6. Mobility: moving from one place to another e.g., inside the house(indoor mobility) and movement in community(outdoor mobility) • Bed Mobility • Wheelchair Mobility • Transfers (movement from one surface to another like bed to wheel chair or wheel chair to commode) • Ambulation (passive transfer from one surface or one place to another)

  7. Communication • Writing • Using a telephone • Using communication devices

  8. Instrumental ADL’s (I-ADL) • Home Management [cooking, cleaning up] • Community Living Skills [money management, shopping, using public transport] • Health Management [ Handling medications, knowing health risks, making appointments] • Safety Management [Calling at emergency nos., identifying dangerous situations]

  9. Feeding • Set-up • Handling utensils and cups • Chewing and swallowing

  10. Grooming & Hygiene • Oral Care • Brushing the hair • Washing the face • Washing the hands • (Shaving, makeup)

  11. Dressing • Retrieving Clothing • Dressing/Undressing • Donning/Duffing [ Shoes/Socks] • Prosthesis or Orthosis[ prosthesis is the mechanical replacement of lost body part and orthosis is the mechanical device to support weak body parts or to enhance function]

  12. Bathing • Washing & Drying • Excludes neck, back • Managing Clothes • Transfer not included

  13. Toileting • Perineal hygiene • Managing Clothing • Transfer not included

  14. Occupational Therapy and Activities of Daily Living Occupational therapists work with persons, groups and organizations that are experiencing difficulties in performing the occupations of life (i.e. self-care, work voluntary activities, play, and leisure). Therefore a large component of occupational therapy practice is to provide interventions to overcome ADL and IADL deficits.

  15. Role of Occupational Therapy • Assess Performance • Equipment Needs • Intervention • Patient and Family Training • Recommendations

  16. Assessing Performance Functional Independence Measure (FIM) • Universal Standard • Multidisciplinary • Severity of Disability • Track Changes • Analyze Outcomes

  17. FIM Scores 7 Independent 6 Modified Independent 5 Supervision/Set-up 4 Minimal Assistance 3 Moderate Assistance 2 Maximal Assistance 1 Total Assistance

  18. No Helper Required Independent • Normal method, performance Modified Independent • Equipment • Extended time • Saftey risk

  19. Helper Required • No physical contact required • Supervision Set-up Cuing Orthosis

  20. Helper Required • Physical Contact Required • Patient does: 75-100% Minimal Assistance 50-74% Moderate Assistance 25-49% Maximal Assistance 0-24% Total Assistance

  21. Items of assessment FIM consists of 18 items organized under six categories: • Self Care • 1. Eating • 2. Grooming • 3. Bathing • 4. Dressing upper body • 5. Dressing lower body • 6. Toileting • Sphincter Control 1. Bladder management 2. Bowel management

  22. Mobility 1. Transfers: bed/chair/wheelchair 2. Transfers: toilet 3. Transfers: bathtub/shower • Locomotion 1. Locomotion: walking/wheelchair 2. Locomotion: stairs

  23. Communication 1. Expression 2. Comprehension • Social Cognition 1. Social Interaction 2. Problem Solving 3. Memory

  24. Other Assessment Tools • Barthel Index • Katz Index • Canadian Occupational Performance Measure & Many more……..

  25. Self- care activities • Skills for restoring Function Independence Dignity

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