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Operating systems

Operating systems. Unit objectives About the various Operating Systems and Differences How an OS interfaces with users, files and folders, applications and hardware About a few OS tools you can use to examine and maintain a system. OS past and present.

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Operating systems

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  1. Operating systems Unit objectives • About the various Operating Systems and Differences • How an OS interfaces with users, files and folders, applications and hardware • About a few OS tools you can use to examine and maintain a system

  2. OS past and present • OS is software that controls the computer • Manages hardware • Runs applications • User Interface • Manages Data Pg 32

  3. DOS • IBM PC and others • Text based • Was used even with early windows system • Fairly compact Pg 32

  4. Win 95/Me • Used DOS core, but added Graphical User Interface • Note the minimum HW requirements are often different from minimum Install requirements. Pg 33

  5. Windows NT • New Technology • Designed for business use • No DOS core Pg 35

  6. Windows 2000 • Upgrade from NT for business • Multiple versions of server • Introduced Active Directory • Requirements • 133 Mhz Pentium Processor • 2 GB HD with at least 650 MB free space • 64 MB RAM • Now out of date Pg 35

  7. Windows XP • Home and Corp. Desktop • Blend 2000 and 9x/ME • Better multimedia • Multiple Versions • Requirements • 64 MB RAM, 128 MB recommended • At least 1.5 GB free space, 2 GB recommended • 233 Mhz Pentium Processor, 300 MHz recommended Pg 37

  8. Microsoft Windows XP

  9. Windows Vista • Current Version • MS says it sells well • Problems with early adoption on “Vista ready” • Many versions Pg 38

  10. Windows Server 2003 • Upgrade to 2000 • Specific versions for different tasks • Web • Storage • Enterprise • Datacenter Pg 38

  11. Unix/Linux • Lots of versions • AT&T & Berkley • Linux • GPL • Many Distrobutions • Still known for text interface • Also have many graphical interfaces • Mostly used for Servers • Web, E-mail, etc Pg 38

  12. RedHat Linux

  13. OS/2 • Was IBM and MS before windows • Never Commercially successful Pg 39

  14. Mac OS • Current version is OS X • UNIX based • Switch to Intel Chips • Traditionally used for • Education • Graphics/multimedia • Considered simpler Pg 39

  15. Mac OS X

  16. What an OS does • User Interface • Manage Files • Manage Applications • Manage Hardware Pg 41

  17. OS components • User interface • Commands and graphical tools user by user • Shell • Relates to user and applications • Core/Kernel • Interacts with Hardware • Settings need to be tracked • Windows registry • Windows .ini files Pg 41

  18. User Interface (UI) • Command driven • Text or text menu • Start->Run->cmd • Icon/Menu • Graphical User Interface (GUI) Pg 42

  19. Managing File and Folders • Organize stored information • Filesystem • Windows • FAT, FAT16, FAT32 • NTFS • Better security and functionality Pg 44

  20. HD layout • Tracks, sectors and clusters • Tracks are circles on drive • Divided into segments-sectors • Cluster is one or more sectors • Filesystems • Keep track of how the sectors are used Pg 44

  21. Files and Directories • Directory table lists the subdirectories and files • Physical Drives can be divided into logical drives • Each drive has root directory-top of structure • Path is the location of a file • Drive, directory, subdirectory, filename, extension Pg 44

  22. Partitions • HD can have partitions • More than one drive letter even with one physical drive • Primary partition • Single drive letter • Extended partition • Multiple logical drives, each with drive letter • Also called volume • Start->run->Diskmgmt.msc Pg 44

  23. Managing Applications • Application is software for a task • MS Word • Applications are often coded for a specific OS • OS differences can affect performance • Installation • CD, DVD, exe, etc. • Fills in details in registry Pg 47

  24. Operating Modes • Real mode • 16 bit • Program has full access to hardware • Protected mode • 32 bit • Better for multitasking since OS managed HW • Long Mode • 64 bit • Only for 64 bit chips Pg 49

  25. Managing Hardware • OS uses Device drivers to access HW • Small programs on the HD with instructions on communicating with HW • OS specific files • Mostly need 32 bit drives today • 64 bit if you are on 64 bit versions of OS • Where do you get drivers? Pg 51

  26. BIOS and devices • BIOS has basic ability to manage standard devices • After OS loads, it uses drivers • Can alter BIOS settings to better use devices Pg 54

  27. Memory • OS manages memory for the CPU • Memory is also allocated to the devices for input and output • They read and write to specific memory addresses • Protected mode programs go through OS • Allows Virtual Memory-Use HD (page file, swap file) as memory when memory is low Pg 54

  28. Desktop OS Tools • Start Menu • Access to programs • Control Panels • Display Properties • Resolution, screen saver, power, shortcuts icons, wallpaper • Taskbar • Quicklaunch, System Tray, Open Application • Shortcuts • Pointers to programs Pg 56

  29. Windows XP Professional Desktop Recycle Bin Start menu Taskbar System tray

  30. My Computer and Explorer • My Computer • Windows/E key • Right click and explore • Shortcut menus • Explore • Open • Properties • Copy • Paste • Etc. Pg 62

  31. Windows Explorer Date created or modified Toolbar Filetype Filesize Files Menu bar Drive Folder/directories Drive

  32. File and Folder Management • Create a Folder • File->New • Delete A folder • Select-Right-Click • Select hit delete key • Commands Pg 65

  33. File and Folder Attributes • Select file->Right Click->Choose Properties • Select Folder->Right Click->Choose Properties Pg 66

  34. System Properties • Right Click My Computer • System Control Panel Pg 67

  35. Control Panel Pg 68

  36. Control Panel Pg 68

  37. Device Manager Pg 69

  38. System Information Pg 72

  39. Windows Help and MS web Site Pg 72

  40. Keyboard Shortcuts Pg 74

  41. System tools • Control Panel • Computer Management Console • Accessories/System Tools • Command-line utility • Device Manager

  42. Directory structure

  43. Navigating in Windows Explorer • Click Start and choose All Programs, Accessories, Windows Explorer • Click the plus sign (+) next to a drive or folder • Select a drive or subfolder

  44. Creating a directory (Windows Explorer) • In the navigation pane, select the drive or folder where you want to create the new folder • Choose File, New, Folder • Type the name of the new folder • Press Enter • Maximum depth of folder structure is 255 characters • Includes characters representing the drive, plus any file-name extensions

  45. Deleting in Windows Explorer • Select the folder you want to remove • Choose File, Delete • Click Yes to confirm moving the folder and its contents to the Recycle Bin

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