1 / 31

Earth Science

Earth Science. Coach Williams Room 310B. Chapter 16. Marine Environment. Section 16.1 Shoreline Features. Objectives: Explain how shoreline features are formed and modified by marine processes. Describe the major erosional and depositional shoreline features. Erosional Landforms.

dorit
Download Presentation

Earth Science

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Earth Science Coach Williams Room 310B

  2. Chapter16 • Marine Environment

  3. Section16.1 Shoreline Features • Objectives: • Explain how shoreline features are formed and modified by marine processes. • Describe the major erosional and depositional shoreline features.

  4. Erosional Landforms • Headlands: land that sticks out into ocean • Wave refraction: shallow water causes waves to bend • Beaches: eroded headland materials • Erosion causes: • Cliffs, sea-stacks/arches, platforms, sea caves

  5. Erosional Landforms

  6. Beaches • Sloping band of sand, pebbles, gravel, mud at the edge of the sea • Erosion & sediments • Rocky coast = pebbles • Volcanic rock (Hawaii) = black sand • Corals/seashells = white sand

  7. Beaches

  8. Estuaries • Where freshwater river/stream enters ocean • Freshwater & saltwater mix

  9. Longshore Currents • Longshore bar: sand bar • Longshore current: current parallel to shore • Moves sediments • Rip currents: current out to sea through gap in sand bar

  10. Rip Current

  11. Depositional Features • Erosion/sediments causes change • Spits: narrow sand that sticks out in water • Barrier Island: long ridges of sand apart from the mainland • Lagoon: body of water behind barrier islands • Tombolo: strip of sand that connects mainland and island

  12. Spit

  13. Barrier Island

  14. Lagoon

  15. Tombolo

  16. Protective Structures • Artificial structures • Seawalls, groins, jetties, break-waters • Protect properties, beaches, etc… • Causes loss of sediments on beaches

  17. Protective Structures

  18. Changes in Sea Level • Global warming: rise • Melts ice • Water expands • Plate tectonics • Uplifts/sinking • Emergent coasts: uplift of coasts

  19. Section16.2 The Seafloor • Objectives: • Explain the reason for the existence of continents and ocean basins. • Compare the major geologic features of continental margins and ocean basins. • Describe the different types of marine sediments and their origin.

  20. Seafloor • Sonar/satellite imaging • Topography

  21. Oceanic/Continental Crust • Continental margin: submerged part of continent • Cont. Shelf • Cont. Slope • Cont. Rise

  22. Continental Margin

  23. Continental Shelves • Shallowest part of continental margin • Average depth: 130m • Was covered by water after ice age • Fishing • Oil, natural gas

  24. Continental Slopes • Sloping region beyond shelf • True edge of continent • Turbidity currents: currents along bottom of sea. • Fast moving; lots of sediment • Cut canyons along slope • Cont. rise: slope of deposits at base of slope

  25. Ocean Basins • Deeper parts of ocean floor • 60% of Earth’s surface • Abyssal plains: smooth parts of basin • Deep-Sea trenches: long depressions on basin • Mid-Ocean ridges: chains of underwater mountains on ocean basin (volcanoes) • Hydrothermal vents: hole in the seafloor where heated fluids erupt (magma)

  26. Abyssal Plain

  27. Deep-Sea Trenches

  28. Mid-Ocean Ridge

  29. Hydrothermal Vents

  30. Seafloor Volcanoes • Most of mountains on seafloor: extinct volcanoes • Seamounts: submerged volcanoes higher than 1km • Guyots: submerged volcanoes with flat tops

  31. Marine Sediments • Most are from land • Mud/sand by rivers • Dust/volcanic ash by wind • Ocean currents • Ooze: sediments from once-living organisms • Manganese nodules: sediment from valuable metals (looks like potatoes)

More Related