1 / 93

APUSH – Chapter 1

APUSH – Chapter 1. Key Concepts: European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange, a series of interactions and adaptations among societies across the Atlantic.

eanna
Download Presentation

APUSH – Chapter 1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. APUSH – Chapter 1 Key Concepts: European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange, a series of interactions and adaptations among societies across the Atlantic. Before the arrival of Europeans, native populations in North America developed a wide variety of social, political, and economic structures based in part on interactions with the environment and each other.

  2. WHAT IN WALLET Wallet contents: $200 in $20 bills A picture of an adult male, and adult female, and three children (two female and one male, each seemingly under the age of ten) The receipts found in the What in Wallet file

  3. Henretta PagesTotal – (First Test up to page 117) First 16 slides: 28-44 See Website for Native American Tribe Review and Chapter 1 Review (will cover first 18 pages) http://evanshs.ccboe.net/ KEY TIP: Any time you are looking at different groups – ALWAYS be Comparing and Contrasting. ALWAYS See link for Period Review. Sign up for launch pad

  4. Why are Europeans Breaking Away? • Rapid social change in seventeenth-century England – product of renaissance and technology • Different motives for migration • religious versus economic (mercantilism) • personal: to escape bad marriages, jail terms, or lifelong poverty • New laws on primogeniture

  5. The First Spanish Conquests:The Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortes Montezuma II

  6. The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa

  7. : “The inhabitants of this and of all the other islands I have found or gained intelligence of, both men and women, go as naked as they were born, with the exception that some of the women cover one part only with a single leaf or grass with a piece of cotton, made for that purpose…. I gave away a thousand good and pretty articles which I had brought with me in order to win their affection, and that they might be led to become Christians, and be well inclined to love and serve their highnesses and the whole Spanish nation….” (Letter on the first voyage, 1493) REFERENCE: John Stewart Wilford, The Mysterious History of Columbus (1991).

  8. Compare and Contrast Sepulveda las Casas

  9. I. Spain’s Tribute Colonies • A New American World 1. Encomiendas • Precious metals encouraged more trade • Spanish migration to Mesoamerica and South America • Complex racial categories • Native population and ideologies declined

  10. Gorée Island Slave Fortress • From this holding station off the coast of Senegal, thousands of African captives passed through the “Door of No Return” into a lifetime of slavery in the New World.

  11. European/Native Contact What is the Columbian Exchange? What are some of the results of the Columbian Exchange?

  12. The Columbian Exchange

  13. Three Colonial Regions/Subcultures • The Chesapeake (VA/MD) • The Carolinas (Sometimes lumped in with VA and MD but not Chesapeake) • New England • Middle Colonies • Henretta 44-53/67

  14. The Chesapeake: Dreams of Wealth • Richard Hakluytand other visionaries keep alive the dream of English colonies • Joint-stock companies provide financing • Jamestown settled 1607 • Colony’s location in a swamp unhealthy and Colonists do not work for common good • colonists were guaranteed the same rights as Englishmen as if they had stayed in England.

  15. Richard Hakluyt “There is under our noses the great and ample country of Virginia,; the inland whereof is found of late to be so sweet and wholesome a climate, so rich and abundant in silver mines, a better and richer country than Mexico itself. If it shall please the Almighty to stir up Her Majesty’s heart to continue with transporting one or two thousand of her people, she shall by God’s assistance, in short space, increase her dominions, enrich her coffers, and reduce many pagans to the faith of Christ.”

  16. Chesapeake Colonies, 1640

  17. George Percy “Our men were destroyed with cruel diseases as swellings, burning fevers, and by wars, and some departed suddenly, but for the most part they died of mere famine. There were never Englishmen left in a foreign country in such misery as we were in this newly discovered Virginia.”

  18. Jamestown Spinning Out of Control • 1608-1609--John Smith imposes order – martial law • 1610-- “Starving Time” (60 settlers survive) ended by arrival of Lord De La Warr, fresh settlers

  19. “Tobacco saves Jamestown” • 1610--John Rolfe introduces tobacco • Sir Edwin Sandys – “markets Virginia” • 1618-- “Headrights” instituted to encourage development of tobacco plantations • Headright: 50-acre lot granted to each colonist who pays his own transportation, or for each servant brought into the colony • Allows development of huge estates • 1618--House of Burgesses instituted for Virginia self-government

  20. Jamestown’s slow growth • Population increase prevented by imbalanced sex ratio • Men outnumber women 6:1 after 1619 • 43 year life expectancy • 1 in 3 marriages made it 10 years • Contagious disease kills settlers • 1618: Virginia population numbers 700 • Most Virginians were Indentured Servants; little to no education • 1622--Powhattan attack kills 347 settlers (1/2 of population)

  21. The Challenge of the Chesapeake Environment • 6 to 1 – Guy to Girl Ratio • High death rate • Scattered population; mostly indentured servants • Bad Drinking water; malaria • 43 Year life expectancy

  22. Women in Chesapeake Society • women had bargaining power in marriage market • Women without family were vulnerable to sexual exploitation • Childbearing extremely dangerous • Chesapeake women died 20 years earlier than women in New England

  23. Civil War in Virginia: (page 67) Bacon's Rebellion • 1676 • Causes: Backcountry Freemen not being represented in Virginia • Governor William Berkeley of VA represents Planter Wealth • Bacon leads rebellion vs. aristocrats/planters • Rebellion spurs demand for reforms – Common farmers will get help from aristocracy and move west; Indentured servants will be replaced by slaves

  24. Maryland: A Troubled Refuge for Catholics • Initiated by Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) as refuge for English Catholics • “Act of Toleration” Requires toleration among Catholics and Protestants – MD’s wealth had attracted many Anglicans • (Read New France: Henretta 53-58)

  25. The Toleration Act of 1649 ...whatsoever person or persons shall from henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise in a reproachfull manner or way declare call or denominate any person or persons whatsoever inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or comercing within this province or within any ports, harbours, creeks or havens to the same belonging, an Heretick, Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, Independent Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Roundhead, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Jesuited Papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist or any other name or term in a reproachful manner relating to matters of Religion shall for every such offence foreit and lose the sum of ten shillings Sterling or the value thereof to be levied on the goods and chattels of every such offender and offenders... and if they could not pay, they were to be "publickly whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "he, she, or they shall satisfy the party so offended or grieved by such reproachful language...."

  26. “G” Pirates • Geography (specifics) • Political (specifics) • Intellectual (specifics) • Religious (specifics) • Arts (specifics) • Technology (specifics) • Economics (specifics) • Social (specifics)

  27. New England Colonies, 1650 Henretta 57-66

  28. Reforming England in North America/Northern Colonies • Pilgrims • Separatists who refused to worship in the Church of England • 1620--Plymouth founded/W. Bradford • Mayflower Compact • Plymouth a society of small farming villages bound together by mutual consent • 1691--absorbed into Massachusetts Bay

  29. “The Great Migration” • Puritans • Wish to purify the Anglican Church of its Catholic ways • 1629--Puritans flee during Charles I’s reign • 1630--John Winthrop leads Puritan group to Massachusetts, brings Company Charter

  30. “A City on a Hill” • John Winthrop • 1630-1640--16,000 immigrated • Settlers usually came as family units • Area generally healthy • Puritans sacrifice self-interest for the good of the community

  31. “A City on a Hill” (2) • Puritans establish Congregationalism • each congregation is independently governed by local church members • voting by all adult male church members - Local, govts. were autonomous • Village life intensely communal • Laws and Liberties passed in 1648 to protect rights, ensure civil order

  32. Limits of Dissent: Roger Williams • An extreme Separatist • Questioned the validity of the colony’s charter • Champions (supports) “liberty of conscience” • Williams expelled to Rhode Island, 1636

  33. Limits of Dissent:Anne Hutchinson • Believed herself directly inspired by the Holy Spirit • Banished to Rhode Island by General Court

  34. Mobility and Division • Rhode Island--received dissenters from Massachusetts (diversity) • Connecticut--founded by Thomas Hooker – Fundamental Orders

  35. New England Issues with Natives Pequot War of 1637 King Philip’s War – 1675-1676 Slowed the westward movement and basically destroyed Indian resistance in the Northeast See Spain’s issues with Natives; 66

  36. Seeds of Colonial Unrest • Dominion of New England (79) • Sir Edmund Andros • Autocratic • New Englanders resented the threat to their local authority • Will come to an end with the Glorious Revolution

  37. Proprietors of the Carolinas • Granted by Charles II in 1663 to eight “Proprietors” to reward loyalty • Tried to recruit settlers from established American colonies • they were not easily persuaded • Few inhabitants in first years • Henretta 76-81

  38. Planting the Carolinas • Reliance on slave labor produced superficial similarity to Chesapeake • Diversity of settlers, environment produced great divergence from Chesapeake

  39. The Barbadian Connection • Anthony Ashley Cooper encourages settlement by planters from Barbados • Barbadians settle around Charleston • “Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina” drawn up by John Locke

  40. Founding of Georgia • Georgia founded in 1732 – James Oglethorpe • Strategic purpose: buffer between Carolinas and Spanish Florida • Charitable purpose: refuge for imprisoned debtors from England • By 1751 a small slave colony

More Related